Today, recycling has been working for 2 months, has been on a business trip, repair equipment, change the core board, change the power supply and the like. I feel that I have learned a lot of things. I was recruited by a hardware engineer assistant. I am doing all the time, basically a business trip, and I have not learned anything. Isn't this a pit person? Think about it, your current economic situation can only be parasitic. But knowledge, self-study is very fast. Therefore, I have to learn some of the hardware gods. Now list them.
In general, from the signal to the end, you can divide the analog and digital categories. The difficulty of simulation, young people do very little, it takes a few years to become a great god, digital 51/ARM microcontroller, DSP class, FPGA class.
FPGA engineers, most of the domestic FPGA engineers are engaged in IP core front-end verification in IC design companies. This part is not at the door level, and the future is not clear. Even if it is an IC front-end verification engineer, it will take several years to be competent. DSP hardware interface is relatively stereotyped. If it is not close to the driving algorithm, the future will not be too big. The content of ARM microcontrollers is more, the industry has a large amount of products, and the application population is wide, so the employment space is enormous.
Here are two articles written by others. You can take a look at the first article, "Several Directions in the Development of Hardware Engineers."
There are several directions for the hardware, and the signal is divided into digital and analog. The simulation is difficult to perform. Generally, it requires a long experience accumulation. The accuracy of a single resistance or capacitance value may make the signal deviation greatly. Therefore, young people are less engaged. With the development of technology, digital circuits have emerged. For example, the modem RF module of mobile phones has adopted mature sets. At the time, only two companies in the world had this technology, and they felt the simulation function. Not too strong, not suitable for this, if you can get the RF module of the mobile phone, as long as the general level is reached, the monthly salary may be above 15K.
The other type is the digital part. In the general direction, it can be divided into 51/ARM microcontrollers, DSP class, FPGA class, and domestic FPGA engineers are mostly engaged in IP core front-end verification in IC design companies. At the door level, the future is not clear. Even if you are an IC front-end verification engineer, you have to work for a few years. The DSP hardware interface is relatively stereotyped. If it is not close to the driver or the algorithm, the future will not be too great. The content of ARM microcontrollers is more, the industry has a large amount of products, and the application population is wide. Therefore, the employment space is extremely large, and the hardware design is the level and level of interface design. This is the mutual PK of each senior hardware engineer. The basis for determining the level of the level. The most important part of the interface design is to look at the timing, not the simple connection. For example, the PXA255 processor I 2C requires a speed of 100Kbps. If an I2C peripheral device is connected to it up to 100kbps, it must be connected. Lead to design failure. There are many such situations. For example, 51 MCU can be connected to the LCD in the bus, but why can't this LCD be hung on the ARM bus, and there is an external SD card controller on the ARM7 bus, but why is this controller? These are all problems with ARM9 or Xscale processors. So the interface is not a simple connection, depending on the timing, it depends on the parameters. An excellent hardware engineer should be able to design a product that is superior in cost and performance without a reference solution. With the existing solution, it is also necessary to make appropriate feasibility cutting, but it is not random, I have encountered When an engineer changes the 5V to 1.8V DC chip in the solution and directly replaces it into an LDO, sometimes the CPU will burn a few. A few days ago, some people hoped that I would help them optimize their previous handheld GPS devices based on the PXA255 platform. I asked about the situation. The map is in the SD card, and the SPI between the SD card and the PXA255 MMC controller. The interface, which causes the map to read very slowly, is a serious flaw in the design, not a problem with the program, so I made a few suggestions for them to update and try again.
Therefore, if you want to be a good engineer, you need to grasp the integrity of the system and understand the existing circuit. In other words, give you a set of circuit diagrams. You can understand how much you can understand. If you don’t understand more than 80%, you are away. Good engineers are still far away. Second is the circuit's debugging ability and review ability, but the most basic ability is the schematic design PCB drawing, logic design. This refers to the hardware design engineer. From the above hardware design engineers, ECAD engineers can also be separated. It is a professional PCB board engineer and EMC design engineer to help solve the EMC problem. The hardware engineer goes up to the board level test engineer, which is a good hardware engineer with C language skills. During the debugging process of the circuit board, the hardware function can be verified by the test program written by himself. Then hand it to the driver developer based on the operating system level.
In short, the content of the hardware is very complicated, and the hardware has become a master. I often give people a plan evaluation. Many advanced hardware engineers design things that are often negated by me, so engineers do me. This kind of situation will also offend some people, but the hardware does have a lot of unknown things, so many senior hardware engineers can not find the mind.
So advanced hardware engineers must have those skills, first of all, to master the EDA design tools such as Protel\ORCAD\PowperPCB\Maplux2\ISE, VDHL language, you can use these tools to draw the drawing board to do logic design, and then It is the interface design review ability, and the other is the debugging ability. If you can go to the overall design, you will basically become a senior engineer.
The hardware depends on experience, but also on accumulation. Ten years of grinding a sword, a hundred years of grinding a needle.
I wanted to write something I wanted to write a month ago. I finally finished it in the morning, and I hope to help engineers and students who love embedded system development.
The second one is more detailed. "Hardware engineers have to learn things."
Hardware engineer needs to learn
1) Basic design specifications
2) CPU basic knowledge, architecture, performance and selection guide
3) MOTOROLA's PowerPC series basic knowledge, performance details and selection guide
4) Basic knowledge, architecture, performance and selection of network processors (INTEL, MOTOROLA, IBM)
5) Basic knowledge and performance of common bus
6) Detailed performance introduction, design points and selection of various memories
7) Basic knowledge of physical layer interface chips commonly used in Datacom and Telecom, performance, design points and selection
8) Common device selection points and essence
9) Detailed performance introduction, design points and selection guide of FPGA, CPLD and EPLD
10) Introduction to VHDL and Verilog HDL
11) Network Foundation
12) Hardware research and development process of domestic large-scale communication equipment companies;
The most popular EDA tool guide
Familiarize yourself with the latest and most popular professional design tools in the industry
1) Innoveda's ViewDraw, PowerPCB, Cam350
2) CADENCE's OrCad, Allegro, Spectra
3) Altera's MAX+PLUS II
4) Learn to use tools such as VIEWDRAW, ORCAD, POWERPCB, SPECCTRA, ALLEGRO, CAM350, MAX+PLUS II, ISE, FOUNDATION;
5) XILINX's FOUNDATION, ISE
Overall hardware design
Master the hardware design experience and design ideas necessary for the overall hardware design
1) Product demand analysis
2) Development feasibility analysis
3) System plan research
4) Overall architecture, CPU selection, bus type
5) Mainstream CPUs in data communication and telecommunications: M68k series, PowerPC860, PowerPC8240, 8260 architecture, performance and comparison;
6) Overall hardware structure design and issues that should be noted;
7) Communication interface type selection
8) Task decomposition
9) minimum system design;
10) PCI bus knowledge and specifications;
11) How to avoid fatal errors during the overall design phase;
12) How to properly perform task decomposition to achieve twice the result with half the effort?
13) Project case: medium and low-end routers, etc.
Hardware schematic design technique
Objective: Through detailed project cases, detailed experience of schematic design, detailed design points and essence.
1) Principle design experience and essence of mainstream CPU (M68k, PowerPC860, 8240, 8260, etc.) in the field of telecommunications and data communication;
2) The essence of the schematic design of Intel's PC motherboard
3) The principle design experience and essence of the network processor;
4) Experience and essence of bus structure principle design;
5) Memory system principle design experience and essence;
6) Experience and essence of the principle design of the general physical layer interface in data communication and telecommunications;
7) The design experience and essence of WATCHDOG commonly used in telecommunications and data communication equipment;
8) Design experience and essence of the principle of hot plugging for telecommunication and data communication equipment systems;
9) Experience and essence of crystal oscillator and clock system principle design;
10) Experience and essence of schematic design of PCI bus;
11) Project case: medium and low-end routers, etc.
Hardware PCB diagram design
Purpose: Through the specific project case, all the experience of PCB design is revealed, so that you can quickly grow into an excellent hardware engineer.
1) High-speed CPU board PCB design experience and essence;
2) Design points and essence of ordinary PCB
3) PCB design essence of MOTOROLA's PowerPC series
4) PCB design essence of Intel PC motherboard
5) PCB design experience essence of PC motherboard, industrial computer motherboard and telecommunication equipment motherboard;
6) PCB design specifications and work processes of famous domestic communication companies;
7) Relevant requirements for production and processing processes in PCB design;
8) Transmission line problems in high speed PCB design;
9) PCB design experience and essence of mainstream CPU (PowerPC series) in the field of telecommunications and data communication;
10) PCB design experience and essence of common physical layer interfaces (100 Mbps, Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, etc.) in the field of telecommunications and data communication;
11) PCB processor design experience and essence;
12) The topology of the PCB step line is extremely important;
13) PCB design experience and essence of PCI step line;
14) PCB design experience and essence of SDRAM and DDR SDRAM (125/133MHz);
15) Project Case: Mid-end router PCB design
Hardware debugging
Purpose: To teach hardware debugging, testing experience and key points in specific project cases
1) Hardware debugging is equivalent to black box debugging. How to quickly analyze and solve problems?
2) Teaching of a large amount of debugging experience;
3) How to speed up the hardware debugging process
4) How to quickly solve hardware debugging problems
5) CE test requirements for DATACOM terminal equipment
Fives. Hardware and software joint debugging
1) How to judge the fault of the software?
2) How to perform joint debugging with the software?
3) a large number of joint debugging experience;
These two articles will be fine, but at first glance, the heads are big, so many, they are summarized as follows
Liquid Crystal Display For Clock
Dongguan Yijia Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. , https://www.everbestlcdlcms.com