[Global Network Science and Technology reporter Wang Nan] According to media reports, an authoritative source from the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Financial Work recently revealed that the Beijing-based financial company's proposed sharing bicycle company needs to deposit the deposit to a designated bank account. The person said that the ownership of the deposit does not belong to the shared bicycle company, so the company cannot move the money. This money can not be diverted to lending, investment, or suspected of illegal fund-raising, local financial regulatory authorities to do full coverage of supervision, through the improvement of their professional supervision capabilities to support innovation.
For a long time, the issue of monitoring the deposit of shared bicycles has been criticized.
Shared bicycle industry “capital pool†has long been criticized
According to the forecast of relevant agencies, in 2017, the number of users of shared bicycles in China will approach 50 million. Among them, Mobike and Ofo have an absolute number advantage, with an average of 299 yuan for Mobike bicycles and 99 yuan for ofo deposits. The calculation will roughly result in a huge "capital pool" of 10 billion yuan. This has certain fund-raising or interest-free financing nature, so the whereabouts and supervision of this deposit have been controversial.
At present, the use and supervision of shared bicycle deposits are in a blank space. With the platform's conscious awareness, it will inevitably leave behind grey space and opportunities to make users' rights and interests suffer.
In March of this year, CCTV Finance Channel 1 questioned the deposit of shared bicycles. CCTV reported that the use of shared bicycles requires a prepayment deposit, and a large number of active users have brought in hundreds of millions of huge deposits.
Although the deposit can be refunded in seconds, there is a legal risk that the deposit will not be refunded. A legal expert interviewed by the media said: "The deposit is so high, is it reasonable? In the case of individuals without bargaining power, the executive authorities should regulate. The deposit will not become disguised financing? This is the financial supervision departments need to pay attention."
In response, Mobike responded by saying that it has now opened a bank account for deposit deposits, which ensures 100% deposit security and is earmarked for special purposes. When the user initiates a refund request, the demand is satisfied at any time. The bicycles of ofo stated that the deposit was dedicated to funds and has been “sealed†and was not used in other aspects.
In March, Ye Tan, a well-known financial commentator, and Wang Xiaofeng, CEO of Mobike Bicycles, conducted an interview live. Ye Tan calculated an account for Wang Xiaofeng in this conversation. The total deposit of Mobi Bike was 299 yuan per user. A total of 2.87 billion yuan, where is the deposit? Wang Xiaofeng explained why the deposit was collected, why it was 299 yuan, and Ye Lan has repeatedly failed to respond positively to the question of the use of the deposit. The ultimate answer is to ask the China Merchants Bank.
Dao Wei, founder and CEO of ofo, once said that ofo's deposit to the user has not been moved and is still waiting for relevant state departments to issue relevant regulations. The deposit is not an important part of the shared bicycle business model.
Liu Deliang, director of the Asia-Pacific Network Law Research Center and professor at the Beijing Normal University Law School, publicly stated that bicycle companies charge huge deposits. In this business model, financial security is the biggest problem and there are financial risks.
In his opinion, in this sense, bicycle companies have the attributes of a financial company, and the company should deposit deposits for deposits, etc., to third-party accounts for separate depository. If you want to deposit with a third party, you need relevant financial departments to issue relevant opinions and measures to regulate.
“Shared bicycles and even shared cars are in essence time-shared leases. However, from the perspective of some local governments in Beijing, they value the benefits of their green trips. From this perspective, they are more similar to public transport. Management by the traffic department is more appropriate," said Liu Deliang. However, he also believes that the nature of cycling companies is not an all-or-nothing relationship. From the point of view of charging the deposit recharge, it also has certain financial attributes. The financial supervision department should also strengthen supervision within its terms of reference.
Reshuffle intensifies the industry facing "big fish eat fish"
Now, the Beijing Finance Bureau's proposed shared bicycle company registered in Beijing needs to deposit the deposit to a designated bank account. The funds are regulated and guaranteed for users, but it is like a depth bomb for the platform.
What makes money on a shared bike? Certainly not relying on the usage fee of five cents or one piece at a time. This is too low. There is still a huge fund reservoir before the introduction of supervision to bring huge revenues. Now that this loophole has been plugged, it will inevitably trigger industry reshuffle.
According to research data, the total population of the four cities in the north, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen is 71.32 million, and the existing number of shared bicycles is 1,080,000. In the future, OFO and Mobike will continue to put in, reaching 1.81 million, even if the shared bicycles sink to In second-, third-, and fourth-tier cities, the demand is only around 17.45 million vehicles, but this is far from consuming 30 million bicycles.
Not only is excess capacity, profitability of shared bicycles is also a hot issue. “About the profit model, revenue sources have so far been the cost of the use of vehicles, and there has not been a full-fledged enterprise. Fare alone is not an optimal long-term development approach, and now companies are struggling to explore a diversified business model. The results of how to wait and see." Analyst Wang Chenxi, senior analyst of Internet travel, said.
Before the fierce competition in the market and the profit model are not yet clear, the sharing bicycle industry will inevitably have a situation of “big fish eating fishâ€.
In addition, there have been cases where problems occurred on the platform and deposits could not be returned promptly.
In February, media reported that the number of bicycles that were put by the karaoke bicycles in Putian, Fujian, was lost by 76% in a few days, resulting in the withdrawal of some users’ deposits from the company’s accounts and withdrawal of financial and customer services. Some users’ The deposit failed to be refunded in time.
It can be seen that managers and investors lack the attitude of respecting the rights and interests of users. The deposits of users are generally in a high-risk state. Once an accident occurs, it may be tainted.
Tai Yang, a lawyer from Tai He Tai (Beijing) Law Firm, told reporters that the large "pool of funds" generated by the sharing of bicycle industry deposits has a certain amount of funds raised or interest-free financing, so the deposits have been directed and monitored. Controversial. In the event of large-scale financing, problems such as poor management and failure of financing will lead to the loss of personal property of investors and bicycle users and run risks.
The reporter saw the official Weibo official microblogging found that the most complaint is that the deposit is difficult to retreat and the balance has been buckled. The industry believes that the failure of the Moab user's refund of the deposit may be because the deposit was diverted to other uses, so that when the user issues a refund application, the app page shows that the refund was successful, and WeChat or Alipay did not arrive at the account.
People’s Daily had once “named†Mobike bicycles to deposit huge user deposits. There was a high financial risk. Once mismanaged, it could cause users’ personal property losses and cause disputes. In fact, this worry has long been a precursor. In Weibo, WeChat and other social platforms, in addition to the high deposit model of Mobike bicycles has been criticized by users, users often have problems with fabric refunds, poor refund process experience, system downtime, and so on, which actually affects the sharing of bicycles. Experience.
In addition to returning the deposit process experience poorly, outsiders have questioned that Mobike may use a user’s deposit to build a car. Now that shared bikes have generously issued red envelopes, the media and users cannot help but wonder whether the money is “wool on the sheepâ€. From the user's deposit itself.
On the one hand, it is necessary to continue to subsidize and promote money, while on the other hand it is to reduce the number of liquidation channels, and the financial strain must first fall. 2017 is bound to usher in a big reshuffle. It is inevitable that companies will “eat big fish and fishâ€. Under the ebb and flow, what will ultimately remain is the products that can stand the test of users.
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