Many friends who are concerned about the development of new technologies in the automotive industry may have discovered that since the first batch of new energy vehicles from around 2013 entered the lives of everyone, there have been almost five or six years, and in recent years, the technology of automobiles has changed rapidly. In the progress, we have always felt the convenience brought about by technology for improving the quality of life, and the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles has also made the environment around people more beautiful.
However, with the explosive growth in sales of new energy vehicles, a real problem has also been placed in front of everyone. Will the replacement of new energy vehicle batteries cause environmental pollution?
When will the battery life of the first new energy vehicles expire?
From the perspective of the structure of new energy vehicles, whether it is a hybrid vehicle or a purely electric new energy vehicle, the essential component in the car is the power battery pack.
From the point of view of the design of the power battery, its service life is relatively shorter than other components in the vehicle. In general, the average life of a power battery pack is about five years, and if the power battery When the life span has expired, even if other parts of the vehicle itself are operating normally, the power battery pack has to be replaced as a whole.
The second brother learned from the current automobile production companies that most car companies have a lifespan of less than 10 years for consumers' promised in-vehicle batteries, or a warranty period of approximately 200,000 kilometers based on mileage.
If it is a more frequently used environment, such as a new energy bus, its battery pack will be more quickly depleted. According to industry estimates, in recent years, China's electric vehicle battery power will greatly increase the amount of scrap, the cumulative will be more than 100,000 tons, reaching a more alarming number.
How to handle the batteries of new energy vehicles?
At present, many batteries of new energy vehicles on the market belong to lithium batteries. The improper handling of used batteries will cause considerable environmental pollution, and even cause danger. From the perspective of the structure of the power battery, its cathode material contains heavy metals. If it is not disposed of properly, it may cause heavy metal contamination of the soil, and its damage cannot be eliminated for decades or centuries. The electrolyte of used batteries is very strong. Corrosive, if people accidentally touch it, it is easy to cause harm, and it takes a long time to break down toxic chemical gases, which is very dangerous.
According to some media reports, during the storage and transportation of used power batteries, some of the waste batteries had residual energy but were improperly stored, causing heat to cause fires and even explosions.
At present, there are two main ways in the industry to process new energy vehicle batteries:
(1) Step utilization
The so-called step-by-step utilization is based on the characteristics of the new energy vehicle battery. Actually, like the small rechargeable battery we use, the car battery has a significant decline in chemical activity after the end of its life cycle, and it is no longer suitable for use in automobiles, but the internal battery The chemical synthesis has not changed, and it can also store some of the electricity, so it can be used to collect scrapped batteries for use where demand is not high. For example, it can be used to make a backup power box for a power station.
However, this method requires the model and parameters of used batteries to be basically the same, so that they can be assembled and operated together. In the face of a wide variety of electric vehicles and their battery models on the market, there is still difficulty in centralized use. Unified battery standards can be applied in a wide range of applications.
(2) Dismantling and obtaining raw materials
This method is China's current method of using the most used power batteries, but the relevant recycling companies have not yet formed a scale, the level of process technology of various manufacturers are different, there are many companies without recycling battery qualification in the business of battery recycling, These companies do not have a thorough understanding of the structure and assembly methods of various types of power batteries. The cost of equipment in the unpacking process of the battery is high, and if it is manually decomposed, the process is very polluting to the environment.
How will the new energy vehicle battery processing industry develop in the future?
In the battery processing industry, currently there are no large-scale enterprises to recycle used batteries. Nearly 70% of the used batteries have flowed into small workshops. To make money, small workshops directly pass the sulfuric acid solution in the batteries through the toilets. Discharged into the sewer, and inside the old battery, there are 74% of lead and 20% of sulfuric acid, both of which have a great deal of damage to people's ecological environment, if left untreated into rivers and land, It will surely cause serious pollution, affecting future generations.
Once an academician of the Academy of Engineering expressed his views on the new energy battery recycling industry, from the current point of view, if the battery is recycled in compliance with environmental requirements, from the perspective of the company, the investment is very huge, and the profit return is not high. Therefore, the influence of the development of the industry, the relevant departments should formulate relevant policies, provide some support or supplements to these recycling companies, local governments can also give certain preferential policies to promote the healthy development of the industry.
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