Command history
Commands with : and / begin with a history. You can type : or / and then press the up and down arrows to select a history command.
Start vim
Enter the following command in the command line window
Vim starts vim directly
Vim filename Opens vim and creates a file named filename
File command
Open a single file
Vim file
Open multiple files at the same time
Vim file1 file2 file3 ...
Open a new file in the vim window
:open file
Open the file in a new window
:split file
Switch to the next file
:bn
Switch to previous file
:bp
View the list of currently open files. The file currently being edited will be enclosed in [].
:args
Open a remote file, such as ftp or share folder
:e ftp://192.168.10.76/abc.txt
:e \\qadriveest\1.txt
Vim mode
Normal mode (press Esc or Ctrl+[enter]) File name is displayed in the lower left corner or is empty Insert mode (entered by pressing i) Lower left corner is displayed--INSERT--Visual mode (do not know how to enter) Lower left corner is displayed--VISUAL- -
Navigation commands
% brackets match
Insert command
i Insert before life at the current position
I is inserted at the beginning of the current line
a Insert after current position
A is inserted at the end of the current line
o insert a line after the current line
O inserts a row before the current row
Search command
/text Finds text, presses n to find the next, and press N to find the previous one.
?text Find text, reverse lookup, press n key to find next, press N key to find the previous one.
Some special characters in vim need to be escaped when searching.*[]^%/?~$
:set ignorecase Ignore Case Lookup
:set noignorecase does not ignore case finding
Find long words. If a word is long and you have trouble typing, you can move the cursor to the word. Press * or # to search for the word, equivalent to / search. The # command is equivalent to a search.
:set hlsearch highlights the search results, all results are highlighted, not just one match.
:set nohlsearch Turn off highlight search
:nohlsearch Closes the current highlight. If you search again or press the n or N key, it will be highlighted again.
:set incsearch A step-by-step search mode that searches for currently typed characters without having to wait for typing to complete.
:set wrapscan Search again. When searching for the head or tail of a file, it returns to continue searching. The default is on.
Replacement command
Ra replaces the current character with a, and the current character is the character at the cursor.
s/old/new/ replace old with new, replacing the first match in the current row
s/old/new/g Replace old with new, replacing all matches in the current row
%s/old/new/ replace new with old, replacing the first match of all rows
%s/old/new/g Replace old with new, replacing all matches for the entire file
:10,20 s/^/ /g In line 10, there are four spaces in front of each line of line 20 for indentation.
Ddp swaps the line where the cursor is located and the line immediately below it.
Move command
h Left shifts a character l Moves a character to the right. This command is rarely used. Usually w is used instead. k Move up one character j Move down one character above four commands can be used with numbers, for example 20j is to move down 20 lines, 5h is to move 5 characters to the left, in Vim, many commands can be used with numbers, such as Delete 10 characters 10x, insert 3 after the current position! , 3a!
w Moves one word forward (cursor stops at the word head). If you have reached the end of the line, go to the beginning of the next line. This command is fast and can replace the l command.
b Moves backward one word 2b Moves backward 2 words
e, with w, is just a cursor at the end of the word
Ge, with b, the cursor stops at the end of the word.
^ Move to the first non-blank character in this line.
0 (number 0) moves to the first character of this line,
$ Move to the end of line 3$ Move to the end of line 3 lines below
Gg moves to the file header. = [[
G(shift + g) moves to the end of the file. = ]]
The f(find) command can also be used to move, fx will find the first character after the cursor as x, and 3fd will find the third character with d.
F with f, reverse lookup.
Jump to the specified line, colon + line number, Enter, such as jumping to 240 lines: 240 Enter. Another method is line number +G, such as 230G to 230 lines.
Ctrl + e scroll down one line
Ctrl + y scroll up one line
Ctrl + d scroll down half screen
Ctrl + u scroll up half screen
Ctrl + f scroll down one screen
Ctrl + b Scroll up one screen
Undo and redo
u Undo U Undo the operation of the entire line Ctrl + r Redo, that is, undo the undo.
Delete command
x delete the current character
3x deletes the current cursor starting three characters backward
X deletes the previous character of the current character. X=dh
Dl deletes the current character, dl=x
Dh delete previous character
Dd delete the current line
Dj delete previous line
Dk delete the next line
10d Deletes the first 10 lines of the current line.
D deletes the current character to the end of the line. D=d$
d$ delete all characters after the current character (this line)
Kdgg deletes all lines before the current line (excluding the current line)
jdG(jd shift + g) Delete all rows after the current row (excluding the current row)
:1,10d Delete 1-10 lines
:11, $d Delete 11 lines and all subsequent lines
:1,$d Delete all rows
J(shift + j) deletes the blank line between two lines, actually merging two lines.
Copy and paste
Yy copy the current line
Nyy copies the current n lines, for example, 2yy copies the current line and the next line.
p Paste after the current cursor. If you previously used the yy command to copy a line, paste it on the next line of the current line.
Shift+p Paste before the current line
:1,10 co 20 Inserts 1-10 rows after the 20th row.
:1,$ co $ Copy the entire file and add it to the end of the file.
In normal mode, press v (word by word) or V (progressive line) to enter the visual mode, then use the jklh command to move to select certain lines or characters, and press y to copy
Ddp swap current line and its next line
Xp swap current character and the next character
Cut command
In normal mode, press v (word by word) or V (progressive line) to enter the visual mode, then use the jklh command to move to select certain lines or characters, and press d to cut.
Ndd cuts n lines after the current line. Use the p command to paste the contents of the cut
:1,10d Cut 1-10 lines. Use the p command to paste the cut contents.
:1, 10 m 20 Move lines 1-10 after the 20th line.
Exit command
:wq save and exit
ZZ save and exit
:q! Force exit and ignore all changes
:e! Gives up all changes and opens the original file.
Window commands
:split or new opens a new window with the cursor on top of the window
:split file or:new file Open file with new window
The windows opened by split are all horizontal. You can open the window vertically using vsplit.
Ctrl+ww to move to the next window
Ctrl+wj moves to the lower window
Ctrl+wk moves to the upper window
close the window
:close The last window cannot use this command to prevent accidental exit of vim.
:q Exits vim if it is the last closed window.
ZZ save and exit.
Close all windows, leaving only the current window
:only
Record macro
Press q to add any letter to start recording, and then press q to end recording (this means that macros in vim cannot be nested). Use @ to add macro names, such as qa. . . q Record a macro named a. @a uses this macro.
Execute shell commands
:!command
:!ls Lists Files in Current Directory
:!perl -c script.pl Check perl script syntax, without exiting vim, very convenient.
:!perl script.pl Perl script execution, you can not exit vim, very convenient.
:suspend or Ctrl-Z hangs vim and returns to shell. Press fg to return vim.
Comment command
The perl program starts comment # behavior, so to comment out some lines, just add # at the beginning of the line.
3,5 s/^/#/g comment lines 3-5
3,5 s/^#//g Release Notes for 3-5 lines
1, $ s/^/#/g comments the entire document.
:%s/^/#/g Comment the entire document, this method is faster.
Help command
:help or F1 Displays the entire help: help xxx Displays help for xxx, for example: help i, :help CTRL-[ (Ctrl+[ help). :help 'number' Help for Vim options enclosed in single quotes :help
Other non-editing commands
Repeat the previous command
:set ruler? Check whether the ruler is set. In .vimrc, the options set with the set command can be viewed with this command.
:scriptnames View the location of vim script files, such as .vimrc files, grammar files, and plugins.
:set list Displays non-printing characters such as tabs, spaces, line endings, etc. If the tab cannot be displayed, make sure to set the .vimrc file with the set lcs=tab:>- command and make sure that there are indeed tabs in your file. If expendtab is enabled, tabs will be expanded to spaces.
Vim Tutorial
$vimtutor on Unix systems On Windows systems: help tutor:syntax Lists defined syntax items: syntax clear clears defined syntax rules: syntax case match is case-sensitive, int and Int are treated as distinct syntax elements: Syntax case ignore case-insensitive, int and Int will be treated as the same syntax element and use the same color scheme
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