Antenna classification and application

Rod/whip antenna

The rod/whip antenna is generally an omnidirectional antenna, that is, it is uniformly radiated at 360° in the horizontal direction, that is, the non-directionality as usual, and the general gain is not large. Such antenna applications are very common, and there are not many special requirements when used. For example, Wi-Fi, radio, mobile communication systems, and other types of stations in the suburban counties are very common.

Ceiling antenna

The ceiling antenna is a kind of antenna of the mobile communication system, and is mainly used for indoor signal coverage, such as a meeting place, a hotel, an office building, a movie theater, a residential building, and the like. The indoor ceiling antennas seen on the market today have many appearances, but the purchase of the cores is almost the same.

Generally, there will be a mobile or Unicom brand trademark on the antenna. Generally, it can be seen at a glance which operator's signal is covered. The white downward projection is the antenna body, radiating the signal outward, and the subsequent cable is the feeder, and the signal is introduced from the mobile base station to the antenna.

Antenna classification and application

Wall-mounted antenna

The wall-mounted antenna belongs to an air medium type microstrip antenna, has strong directivity, large gain, and beautiful appearance. It is used in some relatively narrow indoor spaces. When the antenna is installed, there is no object to block the area in front of the antenna, and Signals such as windows and gates are more likely to leak into the outdoor openings, mainly installed in the walls of rooms, halls, corridors, etc. The gain of the wall-mounted antenna is higher than that of the ceiling antenna, and is generally between 6 and 10 dB. The high-speed non-stop charging system is also a major application.

Antenna classification and application

Yagi antenna

Yagi antenna is a high-gain directional antenna. It was invented by Yagi Hideo and Toda Taiga of Tohoku University in Japan. It has the advantages of high gain, light structure, convenient installation and low price. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for point-to-point communication or for introducing outdoor signals into the room, for example, it is the preferred type of outdoor receiving antenna for indoor distribution systems. For example, indoor cell phone signals in a certain area are particularly weak and hope to improve, and Yagi antenna is the first.

The more the number of cells of the Yagi antenna, the higher the gain. Usually, the Yagi directional antenna of 6~12 units is used, and the gain can reach 10~15dB.

Antenna classification and application

Base station plate antenna

The base station panel antenna is the most commonly used and extremely important base station antenna, and is a type of directional antenna. The advantages of this type of antenna are: high gain, good sector pattern, small back lobes, convenient control of the vertical angle of the vertical plane, reliable sealing performance and long service life. The selection and setting are relatively complicated. According to the coverage requirements, traffic distribution, anti-interference requirements, etc., the parameters such as the downtilt angle, the direction angle, the antenna hanging height, the antenna diversity distance and the isolation distance need to be strictly adjusted.

The conventional base station plate antenna has a gain of about 14~17dB, and the extended base station plate antenna has a gain of 16~19dB. It goes without saying that the length of the extended type is twice that of the conventional plate antenna. 2.4 m or so.

Antenna classification and application

High gain parabolic antenna

Because of the good focusing effect of the paraboloid, the parabolic antenna has a strong shooting capability, and the parabolic antenna with a diameter of 1.5 m can achieve a gain of 20 dB. When transmitting, the radar must concentrate the energy to the direction that needs to be illuminated, and receive only the echo of the detection direction when receiving, and at the same time distinguish the azimuth and elevation of the target, so the antenna shape is very very in the radar or satellite system. common. Some paraboloids use a grid structure, one is to reduce the weight of the antenna, and the other is to reduce the wind resistance.

Antenna classification and application

SBX-1 sea-based X-band radar antenna

Because of the curvature of the Earth, the range covered by fixed radars is very limited. The Sea Giant Eyes SBX-1 Sea-Based X-Band Radar contains many small radomes and a phased array radar antenna weighing 1814 metric tons. This phased array radar antenna requires more than one megawatt of power and has more than 30,000 transmit and receive T/R modules covering an area of ​​384 square meters to search and track targets. It can also exchange information with the US military's missile defense system at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California and at the Fort Riley base in Alaska. Both bases have the ability to intercept and shoot down missiles.

Antenna classification and application

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