In the context of rising labor costs, all industries are actively pursuing automation, and automated production has become an inevitable trend in the future.
In October this year, there were rumors that "Foxconn 40,000 robots will make 60,000 workers unemployed." After the daily economic news survey, it was found that tens of thousands of layoffs are not true, but the widespread use of intelligent robots is an irreversible trend. .
At present, the 2nd Guangdong International Robotics and Intelligent Equipment Expo is being held in Dongguan. Daily Economic News (WeChat: nbdnews) The reporter learned from the Dongguan Municipal Bureau of Economics and Information that from September 2014 to October 2016, Dongguan’s “machine substitution†special fund project was declared 1,485, which is expected to reduce 87,000 workers. .
Does this mean that the era of machines and people robbing rice bowls is really coming?
Automation makes 87,000 jobs in Dongguan disappearThe reporter learned that the above-mentioned "machine substitution" project is mainly concentrated in labor-intensive industries, including electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, electronic information manufacturing, and packaging and printing industries.
Since the country proposed "Made in China 2025", as a manufacturing city in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan is considered to be the most determined city for automation upgrades.
In order to cope with the rising labor costs and further promote the transformation and upgrading of Dongguan's manufacturing industry, in 2014, Dongguan City issued the “Implementation Opinions of Dongguan City on Accelerating the Development of Industrial Robotic Intelligent Equipment Industry†and “Dongguan City Promoting Enterprises†Machine Substitution Action Plan (2014-2016) and the "Dongguan City" Machine Substitution "Special Fund Management Measures" and other "machine substitution" policies, announced that in the three years from 2014 to 2016, the annual budget of 200 million yuan will be allocated to support Dongguan enterprises. Technical transformation of automation equipment.
The reporter learned from the Dongguan Municipal Bureau of Economics and Information that the "machine substitution" in Dongguan is mainly characterized by repeated labor characteristics such as electronics, machinery, food, textiles, clothing, furniture, footwear, chemicals, logistics, etc. Promote implementation in the industry.
The latest statistics released by Dongguan Economic and Information Bureau to reporters show that since the launch of the "machine substitution" special fund declaration in September 2014, as of October this year, a total of 1,485 special projects for "machine substitution" have been filed, which has promoted comprehensive investment. About 22 billion yuan, about 48,000 new sets of equipment and equipment (sets), all indicators ranked first in Guangdong Province.
The relevant person in charge of the Dongguan Economic and Information Bureau told the Daily Economic News (micro-signal: nbdnews) reporter that the project involves five pillar industries and four characteristic industries, among which the two pillar industries of electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing and electronic information manufacturing The projects accounted for the most, accounting for 35.4% and 30.8% respectively, while the featured industries accounted for the most projects in the packaging and printing industry, accounting for 6.9%.
After the completion of the above-mentioned "machine substitution" application project, the labor productivity increased by an average of 1.7 times, while the employment of the company was reduced by about 87,000, and the unit product cost decreased by 11.1% on average.
All walks of life actively engage in automation upgradesAfter China proposed the "Made in China 2025" development strategy, all industries and industries in the past two years are actively carrying out automation transformation.
In the home appliance industry, in the past two years, the three giants of Haier, Midea and Gree have made efforts to automate the transformation of the production workshop. Among them, Midea Group's Home Air Conditioning Division began to apply various types of three-axis and four-axis robots in various workshops as early as 2010. It is understood that in 2014, the annual revenue of Midea Air Conditioning increased from 50 billion yuan in 2011 to 70 billion yuan, and the number of workers fell from 50,000 to 26,000. Midea’s air-conditioning plan will reduce the number of workers to 20,000 by 2018. According to the US, it plans to invest another 5 billion yuan in production automation upgrades in 2016-2020.
Midea Group’s annual report last year showed that the number of active employees was 93,299, a decrease of 14,821 from 2014. Gree Electric also reported last year that the number of active employees was 70,561, a decrease of 858 from the previous year. Not long ago, Gree Electric also mentioned in the document announcing a salary increase of 1,000 yuan for employees, "to achieve automation by means of independent innovation to improve per capita efficiency."
In order to achieve manufacturing upgrades, Midea and Gree have even crossed the field of robotics.
Among the many listed companies in Dongguan, Jinsheng Precision (300083.SZ) is a typical representative of automation transformation. Since 2014, Jinsheng Precision has launched a large-scale "machine substitution" project. In July last year, Jinsheng Precision became one of the pilot enterprises of the first batch of demonstration projects for smart manufacturing in 2015 by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
It is understood that Jinsheng Precision, headquartered in Chang'an Town, is a company with mobile phone precision components as its core business. The person in charge of Jinsheng Precision said in an interview with the daily economic news (WeChat: nbdnews) on November 30 that the initial results of the company's intelligent manufacturing program have improved the company's product quality from 95% to 98% and shortened the product development cycle. 30%; capacity increased by 15%.
"If it is smart manufacturing, the number of employees is still quite large. (But this one) is not yet mass-produced, so it is not easy to measure and directly reduce the data." The relevant person in charge told the reporter.
In addition, the reporter learned that the mobile phone manufacturers Huawei and ZTE's production automation transformation is also in full swing.
The era of machines and people robbing rice bowls has arrived?In the context of rising domestic labor costs, the automatic upgrade of "machine substitution" has become an irreversible trend in Chinese factories.
So, is the machine already robbing people of their jobs?
Lin Jiang, a professor of economics at Lingnan College of Sun Yat-Sen University, believes that "in the short term, there is no way to talk about machines and people."
In his view, although the "Made in China 2025" was proposed at the national level, the "machine substitution" of the Pearl River Delta enterprises is more of a shortage of labor in previous years. "It is an automated transformation that has been forced out." It is believed that at present, the Pearl River Delta and even the Yangtze River Delta, the phenomenon of shortage of employment in enterprises still exists.
As mentioned above, "machine substitution" has been carried out in Dongguan for more than two years. What is the current employment situation of enterprises in Dongguan?
The relevant person in charge of the Human Resources Bureau of Dongguan told the reporter that according to the statistics of the real-name employment registration management system, at the end of October this year, the city's real-name system registered employment of 5,285,900 people, down 3.14% year-on-year, down 0.35% from the previous month. The total amount of employment has dropped slightly, and the scale of employment has been generally stable. From the perspective of seeking people's ratio, the market supply and demand has eased, but the rate of seeking people is still above 1, indicating that the overall employment is still in short supply.
According to the statistics of the Dongguan Human Resources Bureau, from the situation of rework after the Spring Festival this year, there is still a gap in the post-holiday employment of enterprises in Dongguan.
In Lin Jiang's view, the current "machine substitution" in the Pearl River Delta is still at the low end of the robot replacement, and can only replace the workers on the production line of some duplication of labor. He believes that when the domestic robot industry develops into a mid-to-high-end intelligent robot, it can be said that "the robot is robbing the rice bowl." "At that time, even the position of a lawyer may be replaced."
At present, smart manufacturing is the only way for China's manufacturing industry to upgrade, and automation transformation is the only way for intelligent manufacturing. Lin Jiang believes that robots eroding human work will also free human beings from repetitive work and engage in higher intelligence work. For example, workers on the production line need to develop labor skills and become maintenance managers of the robots.
The reporter also learned that enterprises still have many problems and challenges in the process of "machine substitution". For example, the shortage of automation or high-end talents also seriously hinders the automation upgrade of domestic SMEs.
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