Metamorphosis is indeed a singular process, but those unconfirmed speculations cannot be interpreted as metamorphosis. By combining fossil evidence with insect anatomy and developmental research, biologists have constructed a plausible explanation for the origin of insect metamorphosis, although the theory is still being revised. The earliest insects in the history of the earth do not metamorphose; the appearance of them when they hatch from the eggs is essentially a miniature version of the adult. However, between 280 million years and 300 million years ago, some insects began to grow a little differently - the form they hatched, compared to their adult versions, not only looked at it, but also behavior. different. This shift proved to be very beneficial: larvae and adults no longer compete for the same resource. Metamorphosis is so successful that up to 65% of the species on this planet are metamorphosed.
Complete metamorphosis seems to have evolved from incomplete metamorphosis. On the earliest insect fossils, it can be seen that this insect develops in a manner closer to modern, non-metamorphic and incomplete metamorphosis insects - their larvae look very much like adults. However, on the fossils of 280 million years ago, a different developmental program emerged. Around this time, some insects began to hatch from the eggs in a different form than the adult. They look like worms, have a full body and many small feet. For example, in Illinois, paleontologists dug up a larva that resembles a caterpillar and a dragonfly, whose body is covered with long hair. It lives in a tropical environment and seems to be looking for food under litter.
If this gene is knocked out, the caterpillar will never form a cockroach and cannot become a butterfly, and the same gene plays an important role in the molting of the nymph of an incompletely metamorphic insect, which supports the view that nymphs are comparable to cockroaches. . Similarly, both nymphs and larvae have high levels of juvenile hormones, which are known to inhibit the development of adult characteristics. In incompletely metamorphosed insects, juvenile hormone levels are reduced before the nymphal mites are nymphs; in fully metamorphic insects, high levels of juvenile hormone remain in the larvae until crusting. The evolution from incomplete metamorphosis to complete metamorphosis is likely to be related to the regulation of a gene. This change allows the embryo to immerse in juvenile hormones longer than in the past and keep hormones at a high level for a long time.
No matter how the metamorphosis evolves, the sheer number of metamorphosed insects on the planet illustrates the success of this breeding strategy. The main advantage of complete metamorphosis is the elimination of competition between larvae and adults. Larvae and adults occupy very different niches. The butterfly hangs among the flowers, looking for nectar and companion, while the caterpillar buryes the leaves and enjoys no interest in reproduction. Because larvae and adults do not compete for sites or resources, most of them can co-exist, unlike insects where adults and larvae compete for the same place and the same food. Ultimately, the evolution of insect metamorphosis can be explained by the power of many amazing transformations in living things: survival.
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