[Source: "High - tech LED - Technology and Applications" November issue Editor / Wang Lirong compiled ]
Economic issues
summary
Based on the survey results and the literature on the source of funds, installation, operation, maintenance costs, the following are confirmed:
1. There are multiple sources of LED airport lighting engineering funds for commercial airports, usually in the form of a combination:
Airport Improvement Project (AIP) Fund
â—‡ Passenger Airport Facilities Usage Fees (PFCs)
â—‡Federal economic stimulus funds (eg: US Recovery and Reinvestment Act)
â—‡ National or local aviation funds
â—‡ Other airport funds, such as equipment renovation, land lease, fuel fee, consumption tax
2, through the reduction of maintenance costs and reduce the energy consumption of LED lights, it is expected to achieve low operating costs of LED airport lighting. Although it seems that most of the economic cost savings of LED airport lighting comes from the reduction of maintenance costs; however, at present, people do not have a good understanding of the economic value impact of clear maintenance costs, and more systematic documentation should be carried out in the future.
expect
LED airport lighting consumes less energy than incandescent lighting systems (Airports Council International 2007; Nowak 2011), and has a longer working life and maintenance cycle, so it is expected to reduce operating costs and potentially offset the high initial cost typical of LED airport lighting. .
Sources of funds
Ask the survey participants how the airport with the LED lighting system supports the operation of these systems. Nearly two-thirds (14 of 22 people) said that the FAA's AIP (American Physical Union) is an important source of funding; 11 people answer airport funds; 4 say passenger airport facility fees (PFCs) and state funds Source; another four said that all funds come from air bases, and specific military or government funds provide the main source of funding for LED airport lighting installations.
There are many descriptions in the literature about funding LED airport lighting systems, although the literature does not always give details (such as whether a project fund is used only for airport slide lighting, or for airport slides and runway lighting). . Table 1 summarizes these findings by summarizing the useful details of funding sources and LED lighting installation engineering costs (some are part of a larger runway refurbishment project, some are larger projects).
Installation cost
When asked about the initial cost of LED airport lighting materials and equipment (AppendixB, question 1), almost all respondents said (20 people for 22 people), the initial cost of installing LED lights is higher than incandescent; 1 person Said the cost is the same as incandescent. Most of the respondents said (14 for 22 people) that the ratio of installation labor costs (problem C2) is the same for LED lights and incandescent lamps. Five people said that there will be some unexpected costs in the installation of LED airport lighting (problem C4), including some failures in the installation process, the need to install smaller resistance transformers, and high-cost spare parts.
Unfinished
For more information, please refer to "High - tech LED - Technology and Applications" November issue
Economic issues
summary
Based on the survey results and the literature on the source of funds, installation, operation, maintenance costs, the following are confirmed:
1. There are multiple sources of LED airport lighting engineering funds for commercial airports, usually in the form of a combination:
Airport Improvement Project (AIP) Fund
â—‡ Passenger Airport Facilities Usage Fees (PFCs)
â—‡Federal economic stimulus funds (eg: US Recovery and Reinvestment Act)
â—‡ National or local aviation funds
â—‡ Other airport funds, such as equipment renovation, land lease, fuel fee, consumption tax
2, through the reduction of maintenance costs and reduce the energy consumption of LED lights, it is expected to achieve low operating costs of LED airport lighting. Although it seems that most of the economic cost savings of LED airport lighting comes from the reduction of maintenance costs; however, at present, people do not have a good understanding of the economic value impact of clear maintenance costs, and more systematic documentation should be carried out in the future.
expect
LED airport lighting consumes less energy than incandescent lighting systems (Airports Council International 2007; Nowak 2011), and has a longer working life and maintenance cycle, so it is expected to reduce operating costs and potentially offset the high initial cost typical of LED airport lighting. .
Sources of funds
Ask the survey participants how the airport with the LED lighting system supports the operation of these systems. Nearly two-thirds (14 of 22 people) said that the FAA's AIP (American Physical Union) is an important source of funding; 11 people answer airport funds; 4 say passenger airport facility fees (PFCs) and state funds Source; another four said that all funds come from air bases, and specific military or government funds provide the main source of funding for LED airport lighting installations.
There are many descriptions in the literature about funding LED airport lighting systems, although the literature does not always give details (such as whether a project fund is used only for airport slide lighting, or for airport slides and runway lighting). . Table 1 summarizes these findings by summarizing the useful details of funding sources and LED lighting installation engineering costs (some are part of a larger runway refurbishment project, some are larger projects).
Installation cost
When asked about the initial cost of LED airport lighting materials and equipment (AppendixB, question 1), almost all respondents said (20 people for 22 people), the initial cost of installing LED lights is higher than incandescent; 1 person Said the cost is the same as incandescent. Most of the respondents said (14 for 22 people) that the ratio of installation labor costs (problem C2) is the same for LED lights and incandescent lamps. Five people said that there will be some unexpected costs in the installation of LED airport lighting (problem C4), including some failures in the installation process, the need to install smaller resistance transformers, and high-cost spare parts.
Unfinished
For more information, please refer to "High - tech LED - Technology and Applications" November issue
making custom smart watch,custom logo smart watch,smart watch with custom faces,most customizable smartwatch
Dongguan Yingxin Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.yxsparepart.com