External surface area: The external surface area of ​​carbon black is a specific concept. Carbon black is used as a reinforcing agent for rubber. Its reinforcing effect is related to the specific surface of carbon black. However, when the pore diameter of carbon black is small, rubber molecules cannot enter. The inner surface of this part of the pore does not have a reinforcing effect and should be deducted. Therefore, the surface area after the inner surface of the pores (pore size about ≤ 2 nm) from which the rubber molecules are not removed is referred to as the outer surface area.
Total surface area: The total surface area per unit mass of powder refers to the total surface area including the outer surface and the internal surface area of ​​all through holes. Obviously, the BET specific surface area of ​​the nitrogen adsorption method is the total surface area.
There are two main methods for determining the surface area of ​​carbon black:
(1) CTAB method: liquid phase adsorption method in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution (2) STSA method: nitrogen adsorption t-graph method (low temperature physical adsorption method) (GB/T 10722 - 2003)
The outer surface of carbon black is determined by adsorption of carbon black in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution. The molecular diameter of CTAB is smaller than that of rubber, so the outer surface measured by CTAB method still contains The inner surface of the hole in which some rubber molecules cannot enter, the outer surface measured by this method is too large; in addition, the CTAB method is complicated in operation and high in precision, so it has not been widely recognized so far.
Using the De Boer theory and the carbon black model, it is considered that the relative pressure (P/Po) of nitrogen adsorption and the statistical thickness t of the adsorption layer at the liquid nitrogen temperature are as follows (Carbon Black model)
t = 0.088(P/Po)2+0.645(P/Po)+0.298
Instruction Manual
1. Features
Clock display, 10 sets of adjustable timed power control, randomized power control, manual switch and optional DST setup.
2. First time charging
This timer contains a rechargeable battery. It is normal that the new/old model runs out of battery if it wasn`t being charged for a long period of time. In this case, the screen will not turn on.
To charge : simply plug the timer to a power outlet. The charging time should take at least 15 minutes.
If the screen doesn`t light up or displays garbled characters, simply reboot the system by pressing the [RESET" button.
3. Set clock
Hold [CLOCK" button and [WEEK" button to adjust week.
Hold [CLOCK" button and [HOUR" button to adjust hour.
Hold [CLOCK" button and [MINUTE" button to adjust minute.
Hold [CLOCK" button and [TIMER" button to select 12 hour/24 hour display.
Hold [CLOCK" button and [ON/AUTO/OFF" button to enable/disable DST (daylight-saving-time).
4. Set timer
Press [TIMER" button, select and set timer. Setting rotation : 1on, 1off, 2on, 2off, ...... , 10on, 10off.
Press [HOUR" button to set hour for timer.
Press [MIN" button to set minute for timer.
Press [WEEK" button to set weekday for timer. Multiple weekdays can be selected. ex: if selected [MO", the timer will only apply on every Monday; if selected [ MO, WE, FR", the timer will apply on every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Press [RES/RCL" button to cancel the selected on or off timer. The screen will show "-- -- : -- --" , the timer is canceled.
Press [RES/RCL" button again to reactivate the timer.
When timers are set, press [CLOCK" to quit timer setting and return to clock.
5. Random function
Press [RANDOM" button to activate random function, press again to cancel function.
System only runs random function when [AUTO" is on.
Random function will automatically start the timer from 2 to 32 minutes after the setting.
ex : if timer 1on was set to 19:30 with the random function on, the timer will activate randomly between 19:33 to 20:03.
if timer 1off was set to 23:00 with the random function on, the timer will activate randomly between 23:02 to 23:32.
To avoid overlapping, make sure to leave a minimum of 31 minutes gap between different sets of timer.
6. Manual control
Displayed features:
ON : socket turns on.
OFF : socket turns off.
AUTO : socket turns on/off automatically via timer.
Manual ON setting
Press [ON/AUTO/OFF" button to switch from [AUTO" to [ON".
This mode allows socket of the device to power up. Power indicator will light up.
Manual OFF setting
Press [ON/AUTO/OFF" button to switch from [AUTO" to [OFF".
This mode turns socket of the device off. Power indicators will turn off.
7. Electrical parameters
Operating voltage : 230VAC
Battery : NiMh 1.2V
Power consumption : < 0.9W
Response time : 1 minute
Power output : 230VAC/16A/3680W
Q&A
Q: Why won`t my timer turn on?
A: It`s out of battery, you can charge the timer by plugging onto any power outlet. Charge the device for at least 15 minutes. Then press [RESET " button to reset the device.
Q: Can I set seconds of the timer?
A: No, the smallest time unit is minute.
Q: Does my timer keeps old settings without being plugged onto a power outlet?
A: Yes, the timer has an internal battery, it allows the timer to save settings without a power outlet.
Q: Is the battery rechargeable?
A: Yes, the battery is rechargeable. We recommend to charge it for 4 hours so the battery is fully charged.
Q: Does the timer needs internet connection?
A: The timer does not need internet.
Q: Does the screen have back light function?
A: It doesn`t support back light.
Digital Timer Socket, Timing Switch Socket, Electronic Timer Socket, Timer Socket
NINGBO COWELL ELECTRONICS & TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD , https://www.cowellsockets.com