Compared with lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and lithium-ion batteries, energy storage capacitors have the advantages of energy saving, long life, safety, environmental protection, wide temperature range, fast charging, and no need for manual maintenance. This article introduces the application of Maxwell energy storage capacitors in the fields of UPS, rail transit, automobiles, smart meters and so on.
The traditional energy storage system uses lead-acid batteries. Taking wind power generation as an example, the wind turbine generates electricity when there is wind, and the energy storage system supplies power when there is no wind. When the power is switched off, the lead-acid battery needs a response time of more than ten seconds. At this time, it can be assisted by the energy storage capacitor. Since the energy storage capacitor stores the charge, it can be quickly replenished and released, and the battery needs to be charged and discharged through a chemical reaction. In these dozens of seconds, the energy storage capacitor can provide short-term energy to ensure the stability of the power supply. The energy storage capacitor can work between -40 ℃ ~ 65 ℃, and can cover the operating temperature range of PC -20 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ and the operating temperature of battery 0 ℃ ~ 50 ℃. The energy storage capacitor is a power-intensive component, but the discharge time is shorter, and the battery is an energy-intensive component, and the discharge time is longer.
Figure 1: Comparison of charge and discharge times of energy storage capacitor and battery
The application of energy storage capacitors is mainly used as a backup power supply and provide peak power. When the energy storage capacitor is used as a backup power supply, it has the characteristics of high reliability, maintenance-free, long life and wide operating temperature range. Because the energy storage capacitor can charge and discharge at high power, it can store the braking energy of trains and urban light rails to provide peak power during acceleration, or it can provide peak power when the motor is started when the crane is lifted.
Figure 2: Principle when the energy storage capacitor is used as a backup power supply
Figure 3: Principle when the energy storage capacitor provides peak power
In systems where batteries and engines provide energy, energy systems that incorporate energy storage capacitors are more efficient than systems that do not. When there is no energy storage capacitor, all energy is supplied by the battery or the engine during the process of starting, maintaining, and terminating the load. If an energy storage capacitor is added, the peak power required when the load is started can be borne by the energy storage capacitor. When the load is running, it is mainly powered by the battery or the engine. When the load is terminated, the energy storage capacitor can recapture energy, especially on the locomotive, When starting and braking electric motors, cars, and cranes. In this way, the addition of energy storage capacitors as an auxiliary power supply can improve energy efficiency and extend battery and engine life.
On a large dock crane, a diesel engine coupled with Maxwell energy storage capacitors can not only increase energy efficiency, but the size of the diesel engine can be reduced by half to provide the required power. On urban light rail trains, the brakes of the trains can quickly charge the capacitors and discharge when the trains accelerate, saving power consumption in the power grid.
When the camera turns on the flash to take pictures, the battery needs to continuously provide peak energy, which will shorten the battery life. The energy storage capacitor and the battery cooperate to provide energy for the flash, which can effectively protect the battery. The use of energy storage capacitors in electricity meters can replace batteries, and the use of energy storage capacitors in water / gas meters in conjunction with batteries can extend battery life. The Maxwell energy storage capacitor in the figure below replaces the battery in the electricity meter. The energy storage capacitor not only has a long life, but also has a smaller board area than the battery.
Figure 4: Maxwell energy storage capacitors replace batteries in electricity meters
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