According to a report by technology industry research firm Gartner, the number of objects in the Internet of Things has increased by 559 million per day. By 2020, the total number is expected to reach 20.8 billion.
In view of this explosive growth, it is necessary to view the Internet that can connect all objects and let all objects communicate with each other. There are many tough challenges in the field of the Internet of Things, one of which is to establish a reliable wireless connection between these devices. The reliability of a communication system can be determined by the performance of two key components, a radio transceiver and a communication microcontroller.
This article will use Analog Devices (ADI) as an example of how the company's components and solutions can improve system-level reliability and achieve high impact applicaTIon, in which quality, Data integrity and insight are key tasks.
The reliability of the US-deficiency wireless device still needs to be strengthenedThe existing wireless connectivity technology used in consumer devices is always unable to meet the performance requirements of industrial and healthcare systems. The different arrangements of these systems for priorities, including safety, accuracy, and time sensitivity, increase the need for reliability. Honeycomb systems can meet these performance requirements, but they are often inappropriate from the requirements of battery, cost and data throughput. Very reliable systems are only available today in niche-type industrial and military applications. However, when designing these applications, reliability is often ranked as the highest priority, and cost is often at the end of the design considerations list. In the Industrial Internet of Things, the challenge becomes to provide the same high reliability at a lower system cost.
Let's consider some of the usage scenarios in which wireless capabilities are added to enhance the utility of the system, and the reliability of the connection is mission critical.
Improve production process control efficiency, network equipment is essentialA key attraction for connected devices in the manufacturing industry is the potential for increased production. In order to do this, it is often necessary to be able to remotely control the various devices in the production chain so that adjustments can be made at the right time.
In the chemical production process, the control valve in boiler operation is one such example (Figure 1). Based on feedback from other phases of the process, immediate and autonomous control of the control valve can be adjusted in real time, resulting in overall efficiency optimization.
Figure 1 The overall efficiency is improved by operating the boiler control valve via a network.
With the increasing use of networked devices, hospitals and health centers are currently working to monitor the patient's vital signs in a wireless connection.
Networked technology for smart health careTraditional bulky wired solutions can be replaced by wireless sensor patches that can be connected to the network via a local gateway (Figure 2). Such systems will be more efficient when monitoring patients, while reducing the burden on health care providers.
Figure 2 Controlling medical equipment over a wireless network reduces the burden on healthcare professionals.
Wireless communication provides emergency response event sensingUsing advanced image and acoustic sensing and processing methods, systems installed in public spaces (such as lamp posts) can detect events such as vehicle accidents and criminal activity (Figure 3) with high confidence. Such information can be relayed to the appropriate institution or unit via wireless communication, with accompanying location information enabling a faster emergency response.
Figure 3 Wireless communication technology provides emergency response speed.
RF barriers will affect receiver sensitivityEach of the previously mentioned examples has different environmental challenges that can have a negative impact on wireless communications. For example, the steel structure of the factory and the heavy walls create a large barrier that reduces the power of the RF signal to a level that is not acceptable to the target device. The sensitivity of the radio receiver used in the target device will determine the degree of tolerable signal degradation. A slight change in sensitivity of 2 dB may cause the signal to be successfully received or not received. When selecting a radio, the design engineer of the communication system pays close attention to the sensitivity of the receiver.
Networked devices typically operate in the relevant ISM band in the area. The ISM band is royalty-free and can be used by a variety of applications that require a wireless connection. 2.4GHz is globally standardized and widely used by Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices.
Congestion band is easy to cause packet lossThere is also an available ISM spectrum in the frequency band below 1 GHz. These bands are often used by IoT applications. This band is 868MHz in Europe and 915MHz in the United States. When multiple devices located in close proximity share the same ISM band, they face challenges. Transmitting equipment can interfere with nearby receiving equipment. For example, in public hospitals, there are a variety of machines that share the same ISM band. The Blocking specification can be used to measure the ability of the radio to operate with such interference. In addition to the devices operating in the ISM band, this challenge will also extend. If there is not enough blocking capability, a mobile phone or tablet operating nearby may cause communication interruptions in the system.
In military and aerospace applications, very expensive components are often used to mitigate the effects of interference sources. The radio used in mission-critical data (such as the applications mentioned above) must achieve similar performance to military and aerospace, and it does not generate the high cost of using additional external components. In the case where multiple sources of interference are operating nearby, such a radio can still receive messages continuously.
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