The ready-to-use solid state relay (SSR) is reliable and compact, but it is difficult to find a product with a current conduction capability higher than a few hundred milliamps. For example, if you need an isolated SSR to switch the line voltage, you have to build a SSR yourself using the power FET. You can use an optocoupler to provide galvanic isolation between the control and the FET gate, but on the isolated side, where does the optocoupler get enough power to drive the FET gate?
The following figure shows how to build an SSR with a digital isolator. The device provides two data channels that drive two FET gates, each capable of delivering up to 20 mA of current to a capacitive load. The ADuM521x uses isoPower technology and is an integrated isolated dc-to-dc converter that provides enough power to the secondary side to switch discrete power FET gates at high saturation rates and good gate slew rates.
Combine the high power of the digital isolator with the signal drive capability to control large voltages and currents. The basic requirement for a FET is that its gate threshold voltage should be lower than the 5V voltage provided by the device. Any other combination of current and voltage is limited only by the selected FET.
The above example circuit is constructed using an IRF540N N-channel HEXFET with a gate resistance of 250 Ω. The back-to-back configuration of the FET provides 0V impedance linearity when the device is turned on and a symmetrical voltage barrier when the device is turned off. If a normally closed relay is required, a P-channel FET can be used. This circuit can switch 30A current up to 100V, and the on-time is about 20uS. This speed is extremely fast compared to optical coupler-based SSRs and mechanical relays.
The digital isolator has the added advantage of an adjustable output voltage of up to 5.5V, providing more headroom for the gate drive threshold. The divider that sets the output voltage is not explicitly shown in the figure. See the data sheet for details.
This isoPower-based relay modulates power in the kHz range at a fast enough speed to dim the incandescent bulb or speed control for DC motors. Line power switches can be easily built with the right FETs. This feature-rich switch can be built at a lower cost than SSR modules or optoelectronic MOS components.
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