Post-lithium battery era: which battery technology will stand out

In recent years, the market demand for large batteries has been increasing. The promotion of this includes the pure electric vehicles that are expected to become popular in the future, and the large-sized rechargeable batteries used in stationary power storage systems that have received much attention since the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011.

Previous research and development protagonists have been rechargeable batteries for portable terminals. However, since the battery capacity and performance required for each product greatly exceeds that of portable use, large batteries for automobiles and stationary applications are gradually becoming the main targets of research.

In addition to the high capacity required for batteries for portable terminals, large batteries used for automobiles and stationary applications have high requirements for long life and high safety (Fig. 1). For example, the lifespan, lithium ion rechargeable batteries for portable terminals can be maintained as long as the product is in the redemption cycle of about 2 years. Large batteries must be guaranteed for a longer period of 10 or 20 years.

Figure 1: Battery development for automotive and fixed market changes

The automotive use and fixed market will expand rapidly in the future, so battery development has also begun to change dramatically. Not only is high capacity, but from the perspective of safety and longevity, all solid-state batteries are beginning to receive attention. In addition, the development of sodium ion batteries has accelerated due to resource issues.

According to the survey results of the survey company Fuji economy, although the current market size of pure electric vehicles (EV) is tens of thousands of vehicles per year, "the EV will gradually expand after 2020, and the global EV will reach 13.74 million by 2030." It is expected that the amount of fixed use will also increase exponentially with the popularity of renewable energy.

The negative impact of the surge in the rechargeable battery market is the potential for resource shortages. Especially the rare metal lithium (Li), the industry agrees that "one day lithium will also have a shortage of supply" (a battery related person).

In addition, more and more researchers are beginning to develop rechargeable batteries that do not use high-priced materials such as cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), which are currently used as positive electrode materials for lithium ion rechargeable batteries.

Regarding the most important capacity-enhancing indicators in the performance of batteries, all-solid batteries and lithium-air batteries, which are called "post-lithium-ion rechargeable batteries", have published their results. These publications are very popular and even stand up. Listen to the audience. As can be seen from the published content, in order to be put into practical use around 2020 to 2030 and achieve an energy density of 500 Wh/kg or more, battery developers are promoting basic research and development (Fig. 2).

Figure 2: Plan to achieve 300Wh/kg energy density by 2020

The goal of the current material development is to achieve an energy density of 300 Wh/kg while ensuring safety in 2020. In 2030, a new generation of batteries of 500 Wh/kg or more such as Li-S batteries and lithium-air batteries will be put into practical use.

However, it is not easy to realize a new generation of batteries with an energy density of 500 Wh/kg. Therefore, firstly, it is planned to realize an improved lithium ion rechargeable battery of about twice the energy density, that is, 200 to 300 Wh/kg, from 2015 to 2020.

The improved lithium ion rechargeable battery is intended to be replaced by a higher capacity material. As for the positive electrode material, the publication of the field of organic rechargeable batteries using organic compounds will increase every time. This type of battery can use low-cost organic compounds, but there are problems with the cycle characteristics. However, at this battery seminar, it was reported that charging and discharging can be used as a rechargeable battery for more than 30,000 times.

The negative electrode material has a candidate material such as silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) having a specific capacity of 2 times or more, that is, 1000 mAh/g. The longevity is the most difficult.

0.8mm Female Pin Header

0.8mm ( 0.031") Female Header Connector
Category:Board To Board Connectors
Sub-Category:Pin Header Female
Type:0.8mm

0.8mm ( 0.031") Female Headers Overview
Whenever there is a need for fitting small-sized connectors in compact devices, the 0.8mm pitch female header, or sometimes referred to as header connector, is ideally suited for this application. Not only does this female header space-savvy, but it is also designed for vacuum pick and place that makes it suitable for high volume automated manufacturing.

Antenk offers these low profile, easy-install, SMT or THM miniature female connector plugs at high quality and affordable China-quoted price, for board-to-board connection, snuggly fitting the pins of a male header and acting as a receptacle.

Assembly and service is simple with either vertical (straight), elevated or at a right angle configuration/orientation, which can dissipate current of about 1.0 A or less in a tape and reel packaging. The filleted corners can also remove shadowing allowing optimization of LED output.

Also, the 0.8mm pitch female headers are made to work in Arduino boards, Arduino Pro and Arduino Mega with either single or double-row female headers, facilitating connections for programming and incorporation into other circuits. They have the perfect height for clearing the USB-B connector and great for stacking multiple shields.

Female header always called as [Header connector", Antenk provide widely range of header connector, from 2.54mm (.100″ inch) pitch to 0.8mm (0.031 inch) pitch. The number of pins (contacts) is from 2 to 40 pins per orw. There are three type: Straight (Dip Vertical), Right angle, SMT (surface mount).

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Applications of 0.8mm Pitch Female Headers
Its small size is most suitable for PCB connections of small equipment and devices such as:
Arduino Boards
Architectural and sign lighting
Retail and display lighting
Fluorescent LED retrofit lighting
Cabinet or furniture lighting
Commercial / residential cove lighting
WiFi equipment
Gaming consoles,
Measurement instruments
Medical Diagnostic and Monitoring equipment
Communications: Telecoms and Datacoms
Industrial and Automotive Control and Test


Mount Type: Through-hole vs Surface Mount
At one side of this female header is a series of pins which can either be mounted and soldered directly onto the surface of the PCB (SMT) or placed into drilled holes on the PCB (THM).

Through-Hole (Poke-In)
Best used for high-reliability products that require stronger connections between layers.
Aerospace and military products are most likely to require this type of mounting as these products experience extreme accelerations, collisions, or high temperatures.
Useful in test and prototyping applications that sometimes require manual adjustments and replacements.
0.8mm vertical single row female header, 0.8mm vertical dual row female header, 0.8mm Elevated single row female header, 0.8mm Elevated dual row female Header, 0.8mm right-angle single row female header and 0.8mm right-angle dual row female header are some examples of Antenk products with through-hole mount type.

Surface-Mount
The most common electronic hardware requirements are SMT.
Essential in PCB design and manufacturing, having improved the quality and performance of PCBs overall.
Cost of processing and handling is reduced.
SMT components can be mounted on both side of the board.
Ability to fit a high number of small components on a PCB has allowed for much denser, higher performing, and smaller PCBs.
0.8mm Right-angle Dual Row female header, 0.8mm SMT Single row female header, 0.8mm SMT Dual row female header and 0.8mm Elevated Dual Row female Header are Antenk`s SMT female headers.

Soldering Temperature for 0.8mm Pitch Female Headers
Soldering SMT female connectors can be done at a maximum peak temperature of 260°C for maximum 60 seconds.

Orientation/Pin-Type: Vertical (Straight) and Right-Angle
0.8mm pitch female headers may be further classified into pin orientation as well, such as vertical or straight male header or right-angle female header.

Vertical or Straight Female Header Orientation

One side of the series of pins is connected to PCB board in which the pins can be at a right-angle to the PCB surface (usually called "straight" or [vertical") or.

Right-Angle Female Header Orientation
Parallel to the board's surface (referred to as "right-angle" pins).
Each of these pin-types have different applications that fit with their specific configuration.

PCB Connector Stacking
Profile Above PCB
This type of configuration is the most common way of connecting board-to-board by a connector. First, the stacking height is calculated from one board to another and measured from the printed circuit board face to its highest insulator point above the PCB.

Elevated Sockets/Female Headers
Elevated Sockets aka Stacked sockets/receptacles or Mezzanine are simply stacked female headers providing an exact distance requirement between PCBs that optimizes electrical reliability and performance between PCB boards.

Choosing this type of stacking configuration promotes the following benefits:
Connector Isolation - the contacts are shrouded preventing cable connection mishaps and good guidance for the mating header connectors.
For off-the-shelf wireless PCB module, stacking height is optimized with elevated sockets.
Offers superior strength and rigidity.
Polarisation prevents users from inverted insertion.

Single, Dual or Multiple Number of Rows
For a 1.0mm straight or vertical female header, the standard number of rows that Antenk offers ranges from 1 to 2 rows. However, customization can be available if 3 ,4 or n number of rows is needed by the customer. Also, the number of contacts for the single row is about 2-40 pins while for dual row, the number contacts may vary from 2-80 pins.

Pin Material
The pins of the connector attached to the board have been designed with copper alloy. With customer`s demand the pins can be made gold plated.

Custom 1.0mm Pitch Female Headers
Customizable 1.0 mm pitch female headers are also available, making your manufacturing process way faster as the pins are already inserted in the headers, insulator height is made at the right size and the accurate pin length you require is followed.
Parts are made using semi-automated manufacturing processes that ensure both precision and delicacy in handling the headers before packaging on tape and reel.

Tape and Reel Packaging for SMT Components
Antenk's SMT headers are offered with customizable mating pin lengths, in which each series has multiple number of of circuits, summing up to a thousand individual part number combinations per connector series.

The tape and reel carrier strip ensures that the headers are packaged within accurately sized cavities for its height, width and depth, securing the headers from the environment and maintaining consistent position during transportation.

Antenk also offer a range of custom Tape and reel carrier strip packaging cavities.

Female Header Connector,0.8Mm Female Pin Header,0.8Mm Female Header,0.8Mm Pcb Header, Pitch 0.8mm Board to Board Connectors

ShenZhen Antenk Electronics Co,Ltd , https://www.atkconnectors.com