1 Introduction
The application of LED in indoor lighting engineering has come a long way. The indoor lighting involves a wide range of applications. There are many kinds of lighting products to be applied. What kind of products should be applied in LED applications? What types of products should be developed should cause designers and enterprises to manufacture. Businesses attach great importance to it. In recent years, some enterprises have not fully understood the LED light source, lighting manufacturing and lighting engineering. Blindly on the project, the product positioning is not accurate, resulting in some undue losses or even closure. The indoor lighting is basically functional lighting, the building structure is complex, the technical performance requirements of the products are high, and the cost performance of the products is high. At present, the LED lighting cannot be controlled without control, and the intelligently controlled lighting products have higher cost performance. Vitality truly reflects the advantages and features of LED light sources.
At present, many companies develop and produce T5, T8 straight tube fluorescent lamps and integrated bulb lamps, which are only temporary replacement products, and the price/performance ratio is not high. It is not the current development direction of LED products. LED lighting products should have their own characteristics, the appearance of the shape should be innovative, the function should be innovative, the control should be innovative, the structure of the lamp body should be innovative, only the innovation can develop, and no product can be done, no product has characteristics, to break through. The mode of traditional light source lamps, to do the products created in China, take the road of innovation and development.
In terms of indoor lighting, where is the LED luminaire used, what type of luminaire should be used, and what type of control method is used, which is the basis for interior lighting engineering design. According to the characteristics and advantages of LEDs, it is necessary to develop lighting products suitable for indoor applications, in order to be innovative, in order to meet the requirements of lighting functions, in order to truly achieve energy saving in lighting.
Lighting energy conservation mainly consists of five aspects: First, energy-saving design; second, the use of high-efficiency light source; third, the use of high-efficiency lighting; fourth, the use of effective lighting control system; fifth, perfect operation management; five aspects are indispensable. As the light source with the fastest development of light efficiency, LED light source is an emerging solid-state light source after incandescent lamps and gas discharge lamps. Due to its small size, high efficiency, rich color, easy lamp shape, no stroboscopic, fast start-up, convenient control, etc., it has been widely used in current lighting projects, especially in the outdoor night landscape lighting in recent years. It is an irreplaceable role for other light sources. Due to the controllability of the LED light source, it is more suitable for underground garage lighting applications.
2 Lighting status of underground garage
The development of modern cities has created tens of thousands of underground garages. At present, there are several problems in underground garage lighting:
1) Garage lighting standards. The lighting engineering design of the underground garage is mainly based on the "Design Standard for Architectural Lighting" GB 50034-2004, which stipulates that the ground illumination is 75lx. According to the actual use, the illuminance standard of 75lx is somewhat high, because the underground garage personnel activities require partial lighting, and the overall lighting requirements are not high. It is recommended that the illuminance standard be revised to 50lx, which can meet the requirements of garage lighting.
2) Lighting application status. At present, the illumination source of the garage is basically a T8 or T5 straight tube fluorescent lamp, and the lamps are roughly classified into two types: box type lamps and dustproof type lamps. The installation adopts the lighting bus method, the ceiling method and the hanging chain method. The control method basically adopts centralized manual control, which is controlled by the duty officer during the duty operation. Since the underground garage requires 24 hours of lighting, the garage lighting is in the state of long light, the loss rate of the lamp is very high, the lamp needs to be replaced frequently, the maintenance workload is large, and the maintenance cost is high. In order to save electricity, some garages only have half of the lamps, some are not in the garage, and the lamps are not replaced, almost in the dark.
3) Garage usage for different types of buildings. Commercial, office and medical building underground garage vehicles have a high frequency of flow, with an average of about 2 hours of flow shifting once, but there is almost no vehicle flow during non-business hours, lighting fixtures are still in a steady state; traffic buildings such as airports, railway stations and other garages There are very few vehicles flowing during midnight; the frequency of vehicles in offices, office buildings and residential quarters is low, and the morning and evening hours are peaks. During the rest of the day, there are very few vehicles and people moving, and the lights are still in a bright state. The waste of electricity is very serious.
3 Lighting design and energy saving in underground garage
3. 1 Reasonably arranged the lamp position
New garage design. The light source should adopt LED light source. The lamp should adopt 12~16W LED light source plus infrared or radar control mode, and the color temperature is about 4500K. The main roads in the warehouse should be arranged evenly. The distance between the lamps is about 7 meters (determined according to the reflectivity of the floor material). Because the height of the underground garage is low, the light source of the lamps should not be too large, and the light distribution angle should not be too small. Try to increase the uniformity of the lighting.
A luminaire is placed above each parking space for easy parking. At the entrance and exit of the vehicle, the arrangement of the lamps can be smaller, the illumination is appropriately increased, and there is a visual adaptation process. The luminaires in the open air of the vehicle entrance and exit are wall-mounted and installed. The protection level of the luminaire should be above IP55 to prevent rainwater from entering. The installation height is generally about 30cm away from the ground. The light is projected on the ground and cannot produce glare, which affects driving.
There is a garage renovation. The existing garage lighting energy-saving retrofit, using LED intelligent control lamps, light source 12 ~ 16W or so, must be through the actual investigation before the replacement of the lamps, find out the original line laying method and the installation method of the lamps, choose the appropriate replacement lamps, transformation The single lamp single control mode of the project is relatively simple, and the distribution line generally does not need to be modified.
Outdoor parking building, because there is no need to turn on the lights during the day, the LED intelligent garage lights should increase the automatic illumination control function. When the illumination in the library is lower than the specified value, the lighting fixtures can be turned on.
3. 2 light source
Garage lighting source should use LED light source, it is the most ideal application place for LED light source, one is easy to control, the other is energy saving, the third is to give full play to the application advantages of LED light source, and the fourth is to improve the cost performance of LED lighting application, and T5, T8 Compared to straight tube fluorescent lamps, the investment recovery period is generally about one year.
As we all know, the light-emitting diode (LED) white light theoretical light effect can reach more than 300lm / W, the theoretical life can reach more than 100,000 hours, due to unreasonable manufacturing and application, its service life is far from the ideal value, its industry is far from mature In the period of packaging, whether in the packaging of the chip or in the manufacture of lamps, there is a lot of room for innovation and development. In recent years, with the support and promotion of the government, the speed of development is very fast, and the price of the light source is reduced rapidly. Create good conditions for LED applications.
Garage lighting is currently suitable for replacing T5 and T8 fluorescent tubes with smart LED lights. Because LED light source has strong controllability, power variability, intelligent control, high cost performance, light efficiency is slightly higher than straight tube fluorescent lamp, not only has significant power saving effect, but also has long service life and low maintenance cost. The initial installation cost is higher, but it can be recycled in a year or so. Table 1 compares the basic technical parameters of LED intelligent garage light source and common fluorescent light source. It can be seen from the table that LED has obvious advantages in garage application and also meets its controllability.
3. 3 lighting fixtures
Because the LED is a solid-state light source, it has small volume and fast response, and can be combined with modules. The power can be adjusted at will, and the characteristics of the DC power supply drive bring great convenience to the manufacture of the lamp. The lighting fixtures can be made into various functions according to the needs, and can also be made into art lamps according to the needs of art lighting, so that the manufacture of the lamps can be freely desired.
The intelligent LED lights in the underground garage are made according to the characteristics of the garage. The underground garage LED light must be combined with the control to take advantage of the LED light source. The power control module and the LED light source module should be connected by connectors to facilitate maintenance and replacement. The shape of the luminaire should be innovative. It can't be the same as the traditional luminaire. The LED luminaire should have artistic shape. Because it is in low brightness for a long time, it generally does not need heat treatment. To reduce the consumption of materials, the material is also a part of energy saving.