It is reported that the rare earth litigation that has received much attention may form a result before the end of this year. Relevant persons from China Rare Earth Association and China Rare Earth Society said that China has a high probability of losing the lawsuit and China's rare earth export policy is facing major changes.
"The outcome of the defeat is China's abolition of the rare earth quota policy. The rare earth is open to supply, and the government cannot restrain the export behavior of the company." An expert who has been involved in this matter told reporters that past experience has shown that it is difficult to avoid competitive prices.
At the same time, the unregulated expansion of domestic rare earth production capacity and the weakening of the application of rare earths have caused this once-promising industry to fall into recession. The domestic market, which had been highly anticipated by the industry, has also gradually shrunk in the two-year price “roller coasterâ€. .
De-quantification?
In 2009, the EU first proposed that China lift its export quota system for rare metal products; in 2010, the United States, Mexico and other countries submitted a memorandum to the WTO to require China to cancel the rare earth export quota system; in 2012, the United States and the European Union officially China’s rare earth export quota system filed a lawsuit.
Relevant experts said that the impact on the cancellation of export quotas has already begun to be assessed. The worst case is to return to the old road. Foreign companies take orders to find companies in China to seek quotations, which attracts companies to compete for price sales. The price may have to go back to 'cabbage price'."
Chen Zhanheng, deputy secretary general of China Rare Earth Association, said that now the supply exceeds demand, the annual quota is 30,000 tons, and the actual sales are 10,000 tons. There will be no major changes in terms of supply and demand. "If the quota is cancelled, the tariff will also come down. Smuggling has no meaning."
A background that cannot be ignored is that the domestic rare earth separation and smelting capacity has been seriously overcapacity. Gong Bin, chairman and general manager of Luzhou Jidong Rare Earth Group, told reporters that the current separation and smelting capacity of ion-type rare earths in the South has exceeded 100,000 tons, while the first batch of production indicators in Jiangxi Province, the southern rare earth leader in 2013, was 3,950 tons. .
"The production capacity of one of our factories is two or three hundred tons, but the target is only a few tens of tons, and we simply can't eat enough." A person in charge of a separate company in Jiangxi told reporters that "hungry stomach" is a common phenomenon and is extremely hungry. I will also go to buy black mines. "Now the special invoices are not strictly implemented, and there are many black mines. Such large separation and smelting capacity cannot be idle."
According to Ma Rongzhen, secretary general of the China Rare Earth Industry Association, more than 70% of the ion ore obtained by the southern separation and smelting enterprises is unknown. According to statistics, China's current rare earth is more than 200,000 tons, and the actual annual production is 15 to 180,000 tons. The actual annual demand in the world is about 130,000 tons, and China's demand is about 100,000 tons.
An expert from the China Rare Earth Society told reporters that although the diversification trend of the rare earth supply pattern is becoming more and more obvious, "But if the quotas and tariffs are abolished, the price of rare earths in China will plummet and may squeeze the rare earth production lines of other countries again. â€
As early as a year ago, the reporter was informed that the state management department organized expert-level discussions to assess the impact of the elimination of rare earth export quota policies. In the long run, the elimination of rare earth export quotas is a general direction, but only if domestic production is to be Order is straightened out, avoiding the confusion after letting go.
Gong Bin believes that from the perspective of rare earth production capacity in the south, the separation capacity of central enterprises and local state-owned enterprises has reached 78.5%, which is close to the requirements of the large-scale enterprise groups required by the state to control 80% of the southern separation capacity.
"But now 80% is an enlarged version, which is not consistent with the original intention of the State Council. If the production capacity is infinitely expanded, control is useless and wasteful," said the expert.
Officials from the Ministry of Commerce said that the rare earth lawsuit is still in a confidential stage and cannot be made public. However, the official said that the overcapacity and export problems of rare earths cannot be ignored by the government's policies, and the industry itself needs self-discipline.
Industry "recession"
According to the statistics of the China Rare Earth Industry Association, the output of the above three major applied materials declined significantly in 2012. The output of magnetic materials was 78,000 tons, the luminous materials were 0.45 million tons, and the hydrogen storage materials were 0.82 million tons, down 11.9% and 43.8% respectively. 34.4%, while in the field of catalysts for non-mainstream applications, “slightly risingâ€.
The rare earth price index compiled by China Rare Earth Industry Association fell from 234.1 points in December 2012 to 153.8 points on July 3, 2013, down 52.2%. Since then, it has rebounded to 19.6% on August 5.
However, Ma Rongzhen still said that although the price increase of 镨, é’•, 铽, é•, é“• has reached 100% in the near future, it cannot make up for the shrinking of the market.
Zhuang Weidong, a rare earth luminescent material expert from Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute, told this reporter that in addition to the relatively prosperous magnetic materials in the downstream applications of rare earths, luminescent materials and hydrogen storage materials are very depressed. The impact is very large, and hydrogen storage materials are facing the extrusion of lithium batteries.†Zhuang Weidong said that the development speed of LED and lithium batteries is faster than the original industry forecast.
However, the relatively prosperous field of magnetic materials is currently facing the squeeze of Japanese patent technology. Japan's Hitachi Metals official website announced that it has applied for more than 600 NdFeB products worldwide, including more than 100 applications in the United States. The application for the application in China around 2000 has not been announced. Recently, some media quoted insiders as saying More than 320. Hitachi Metals announced this year that it has no longer authorized other Chinese companies except for the authorized three-tiered companies, such as Zhongke Sanhuan (market stock trading point), Ningbo Yunsheng (market stock trading point), and Beijing Jing Magnetic. In 2012, Hitachi Metals applied for a “337 investigation†of Chinese companies in the United States, and eventually Chinese companies obtained patent licenses for payment.
It is reported that some Chinese companies that have been squeezed by patents are organizing resistance. More than a dozen medium-sized rare earth NdFeB companies have established a business alliance, each of which has invested US$1.5 million to prepare for US lawsuits against Hitachi Metals.
Ma Rongzhen proposed in Zhangzhou to explore new areas of rare earth applications. For example, China will have 30,000 to 50,000 tons of rare earth and lanthanum rare earth every year. If the rare earth catalyst market is likely to open, it can partially digest these excess products.
However, Dr. Huang Xiaochun, a professor from the Department of Humanities at Hirosaki University in Japan, pointed out that since the 1970s, there has not been a revolutionary technological breakthrough in the field of rare earth applications, which has reduced the possibility of explosive growth in demand for rare earth applications. The weak demand for rare earths is due to the suppression of demand due to rising prices of rare earths and the natural reduction caused by technological bottlenecks.
Supply and demand
Under the background of weak downstream, China's rare earth raw material supply status has once again been valued. Since the 1990s, when the US molybdenum company's rare earth production line was closed, China's share of the world's rare earth supply has been stable at more than 90%. According to the US Geological Survey, China's rare earth reserves account for 36% of the world's total reserves. And continue to decrease.
After 2009, due to China's rare earth industry integration and environmental protection, the diversification of the world's rare earth supply began to accelerate. According to the US TMR company tracking research, in recent years, 261 companies in 37 countries including the United States, Canada, Australia, India, Brazil, Vietnam, Mongolia, South Africa and Russia are engaged in 429 rare earth projects. However, the vast majority of them are still in the exploration stage. Due to the fall in the price of rare earths, the progress of the above projects has been affected to varying degrees.
Banzi Li, president of the European Rare Earth Industry Association, said: "Many countries have rare earths. It is reasonable to produce rare earths where rare earths are to be used. Resources in one place should not always be 'long-distance' transported everywhere."
It is understood that the main confidence to the outside world is the US-based Molybdenum Company's Yantingpas Rare Earth Mine and Australia's Lena's rare earth project, which will increase the supply of light rare earths in the near future, and will also involve heavy rare earths in the long run.
Dr. Xie Peiyu from the US Geological Survey told reporters that Molybdenum has started supplying light rare earths to contracted companies in 2012.
“By comparing the data, there may be a supply shortage in the global rare earth market in 2013, but this situation will be reversed after 2014. Consumers can seek some comfort from the diversification of supply channels, and the proportion of Western rare earth production is Increase," said Nigel Tana, president of British Metals.
Zeng Tianyuan, an expert of the former Rare Earth Experts Group of the National Development and Reform Commission and a professor of China Enfei Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., proposed that China should set the world's rare earth supply to 70%, which will stabilize China's industry and meet the needs of the world. The amount of % is conducive to the Chinese and foreign rare earth enterprises to discuss the reasonable price and promote the relative stability of the rare earth market."
Information China Rare Earth Resource Protection Policy
In the 1980s, China promulgated the "Mineral Resources Law" to implement planned mining for specific mining types that are planned to be mined by the state, mines that are of great value to the national economy, and countries that have been protected for mining.
In 1991, China decided to classify ionic rare earth minerals as minerals for protective mining in the country, and implemented planned and unified management from mining, smelting, processing, marketing, and export.
In 1998, the Chinese government began to implement the export quota licensing system for rare earth products, and included rare earth raw materials in the catalogue of prohibited commodities for processing trade.
In 2006, China implemented the total amount of rare earth mining control management.
In 2007, rare earth production was included in the mandatory production plan management.
In 2008, the state issued the "National Mineral Resources Planning" (2008~2015) to implement planning and regulation, restricted mining, strict access and comprehensive (market) for the specific mining of rare earth and other protective mining.
In 2009, the state collected the registration and approval authority for the exploration and mining of specific mining minerals.
In 2011, the state unified the adjustment of the standard of raw ore resources tax and tax for rare earth minerals. The adjusted tax standards are: light rare earth (including bastnaline ore, monazite ore) 60 yuan / ton; medium and heavy rare earth (including xenotime, ion Type rare earth ore) 30 yuan / ton, than the 0.4 yuan / ton ~ 2 yuan / ton before the adjustment of the tax standard has been greatly improved.
(This article is reproduced on the Internet. The texts and opinions expressed in this article have not been confirmed by this site, nor do they represent the position of Gaogong LED. Readers need to verify the relevant content by themselves.)
"The outcome of the defeat is China's abolition of the rare earth quota policy. The rare earth is open to supply, and the government cannot restrain the export behavior of the company." An expert who has been involved in this matter told reporters that past experience has shown that it is difficult to avoid competitive prices.
At the same time, the unregulated expansion of domestic rare earth production capacity and the weakening of the application of rare earths have caused this once-promising industry to fall into recession. The domestic market, which had been highly anticipated by the industry, has also gradually shrunk in the two-year price “roller coasterâ€. .
De-quantification?
In 2009, the EU first proposed that China lift its export quota system for rare metal products; in 2010, the United States, Mexico and other countries submitted a memorandum to the WTO to require China to cancel the rare earth export quota system; in 2012, the United States and the European Union officially China’s rare earth export quota system filed a lawsuit.
Relevant experts said that the impact on the cancellation of export quotas has already begun to be assessed. The worst case is to return to the old road. Foreign companies take orders to find companies in China to seek quotations, which attracts companies to compete for price sales. The price may have to go back to 'cabbage price'."
Chen Zhanheng, deputy secretary general of China Rare Earth Association, said that now the supply exceeds demand, the annual quota is 30,000 tons, and the actual sales are 10,000 tons. There will be no major changes in terms of supply and demand. "If the quota is cancelled, the tariff will also come down. Smuggling has no meaning."
A background that cannot be ignored is that the domestic rare earth separation and smelting capacity has been seriously overcapacity. Gong Bin, chairman and general manager of Luzhou Jidong Rare Earth Group, told reporters that the current separation and smelting capacity of ion-type rare earths in the South has exceeded 100,000 tons, while the first batch of production indicators in Jiangxi Province, the southern rare earth leader in 2013, was 3,950 tons. .
"The production capacity of one of our factories is two or three hundred tons, but the target is only a few tens of tons, and we simply can't eat enough." A person in charge of a separate company in Jiangxi told reporters that "hungry stomach" is a common phenomenon and is extremely hungry. I will also go to buy black mines. "Now the special invoices are not strictly implemented, and there are many black mines. Such large separation and smelting capacity cannot be idle."
According to Ma Rongzhen, secretary general of the China Rare Earth Industry Association, more than 70% of the ion ore obtained by the southern separation and smelting enterprises is unknown. According to statistics, China's current rare earth is more than 200,000 tons, and the actual annual production is 15 to 180,000 tons. The actual annual demand in the world is about 130,000 tons, and China's demand is about 100,000 tons.
An expert from the China Rare Earth Society told reporters that although the diversification trend of the rare earth supply pattern is becoming more and more obvious, "But if the quotas and tariffs are abolished, the price of rare earths in China will plummet and may squeeze the rare earth production lines of other countries again. â€
As early as a year ago, the reporter was informed that the state management department organized expert-level discussions to assess the impact of the elimination of rare earth export quota policies. In the long run, the elimination of rare earth export quotas is a general direction, but only if domestic production is to be Order is straightened out, avoiding the confusion after letting go.
Gong Bin believes that from the perspective of rare earth production capacity in the south, the separation capacity of central enterprises and local state-owned enterprises has reached 78.5%, which is close to the requirements of the large-scale enterprise groups required by the state to control 80% of the southern separation capacity.
"But now 80% is an enlarged version, which is not consistent with the original intention of the State Council. If the production capacity is infinitely expanded, control is useless and wasteful," said the expert.
Officials from the Ministry of Commerce said that the rare earth lawsuit is still in a confidential stage and cannot be made public. However, the official said that the overcapacity and export problems of rare earths cannot be ignored by the government's policies, and the industry itself needs self-discipline.
Industry "recession"
According to the statistics of the China Rare Earth Industry Association, the output of the above three major applied materials declined significantly in 2012. The output of magnetic materials was 78,000 tons, the luminous materials were 0.45 million tons, and the hydrogen storage materials were 0.82 million tons, down 11.9% and 43.8% respectively. 34.4%, while in the field of catalysts for non-mainstream applications, “slightly risingâ€.
The rare earth price index compiled by China Rare Earth Industry Association fell from 234.1 points in December 2012 to 153.8 points on July 3, 2013, down 52.2%. Since then, it has rebounded to 19.6% on August 5.
However, Ma Rongzhen still said that although the price increase of 镨, é’•, 铽, é•, é“• has reached 100% in the near future, it cannot make up for the shrinking of the market.
Zhuang Weidong, a rare earth luminescent material expert from Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute, told this reporter that in addition to the relatively prosperous magnetic materials in the downstream applications of rare earths, luminescent materials and hydrogen storage materials are very depressed. The impact is very large, and hydrogen storage materials are facing the extrusion of lithium batteries.†Zhuang Weidong said that the development speed of LED and lithium batteries is faster than the original industry forecast.
However, the relatively prosperous field of magnetic materials is currently facing the squeeze of Japanese patent technology. Japan's Hitachi Metals official website announced that it has applied for more than 600 NdFeB products worldwide, including more than 100 applications in the United States. The application for the application in China around 2000 has not been announced. Recently, some media quoted insiders as saying More than 320. Hitachi Metals announced this year that it has no longer authorized other Chinese companies except for the authorized three-tiered companies, such as Zhongke Sanhuan (market stock trading point), Ningbo Yunsheng (market stock trading point), and Beijing Jing Magnetic. In 2012, Hitachi Metals applied for a “337 investigation†of Chinese companies in the United States, and eventually Chinese companies obtained patent licenses for payment.
It is reported that some Chinese companies that have been squeezed by patents are organizing resistance. More than a dozen medium-sized rare earth NdFeB companies have established a business alliance, each of which has invested US$1.5 million to prepare for US lawsuits against Hitachi Metals.
Ma Rongzhen proposed in Zhangzhou to explore new areas of rare earth applications. For example, China will have 30,000 to 50,000 tons of rare earth and lanthanum rare earth every year. If the rare earth catalyst market is likely to open, it can partially digest these excess products.
However, Dr. Huang Xiaochun, a professor from the Department of Humanities at Hirosaki University in Japan, pointed out that since the 1970s, there has not been a revolutionary technological breakthrough in the field of rare earth applications, which has reduced the possibility of explosive growth in demand for rare earth applications. The weak demand for rare earths is due to the suppression of demand due to rising prices of rare earths and the natural reduction caused by technological bottlenecks.
Supply and demand
Under the background of weak downstream, China's rare earth raw material supply status has once again been valued. Since the 1990s, when the US molybdenum company's rare earth production line was closed, China's share of the world's rare earth supply has been stable at more than 90%. According to the US Geological Survey, China's rare earth reserves account for 36% of the world's total reserves. And continue to decrease.
After 2009, due to China's rare earth industry integration and environmental protection, the diversification of the world's rare earth supply began to accelerate. According to the US TMR company tracking research, in recent years, 261 companies in 37 countries including the United States, Canada, Australia, India, Brazil, Vietnam, Mongolia, South Africa and Russia are engaged in 429 rare earth projects. However, the vast majority of them are still in the exploration stage. Due to the fall in the price of rare earths, the progress of the above projects has been affected to varying degrees.
Banzi Li, president of the European Rare Earth Industry Association, said: "Many countries have rare earths. It is reasonable to produce rare earths where rare earths are to be used. Resources in one place should not always be 'long-distance' transported everywhere."
It is understood that the main confidence to the outside world is the US-based Molybdenum Company's Yantingpas Rare Earth Mine and Australia's Lena's rare earth project, which will increase the supply of light rare earths in the near future, and will also involve heavy rare earths in the long run.
Dr. Xie Peiyu from the US Geological Survey told reporters that Molybdenum has started supplying light rare earths to contracted companies in 2012.
“By comparing the data, there may be a supply shortage in the global rare earth market in 2013, but this situation will be reversed after 2014. Consumers can seek some comfort from the diversification of supply channels, and the proportion of Western rare earth production is Increase," said Nigel Tana, president of British Metals.
Zeng Tianyuan, an expert of the former Rare Earth Experts Group of the National Development and Reform Commission and a professor of China Enfei Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., proposed that China should set the world's rare earth supply to 70%, which will stabilize China's industry and meet the needs of the world. The amount of % is conducive to the Chinese and foreign rare earth enterprises to discuss the reasonable price and promote the relative stability of the rare earth market."
Information China Rare Earth Resource Protection Policy
In the 1980s, China promulgated the "Mineral Resources Law" to implement planned mining for specific mining types that are planned to be mined by the state, mines that are of great value to the national economy, and countries that have been protected for mining.
In 1991, China decided to classify ionic rare earth minerals as minerals for protective mining in the country, and implemented planned and unified management from mining, smelting, processing, marketing, and export.
In 1998, the Chinese government began to implement the export quota licensing system for rare earth products, and included rare earth raw materials in the catalogue of prohibited commodities for processing trade.
In 2006, China implemented the total amount of rare earth mining control management.
In 2007, rare earth production was included in the mandatory production plan management.
In 2008, the state issued the "National Mineral Resources Planning" (2008~2015) to implement planning and regulation, restricted mining, strict access and comprehensive (market) for the specific mining of rare earth and other protective mining.
In 2009, the state collected the registration and approval authority for the exploration and mining of specific mining minerals.
In 2011, the state unified the adjustment of the standard of raw ore resources tax and tax for rare earth minerals. The adjusted tax standards are: light rare earth (including bastnaline ore, monazite ore) 60 yuan / ton; medium and heavy rare earth (including xenotime, ion Type rare earth ore) 30 yuan / ton, than the 0.4 yuan / ton ~ 2 yuan / ton before the adjustment of the tax standard has been greatly improved.
(This article is reproduced on the Internet. The texts and opinions expressed in this article have not been confirmed by this site, nor do they represent the position of Gaogong LED. Readers need to verify the relevant content by themselves.)
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