1 Introduction
With the improvement of LED luminous efficiency, especially in the late 1990s, the invention of white LEDs opened up space for LED applications in the field of lighting, making it a new generation of light source after incandescent, fluorescent and high-pressure gas discharge lamps. . LED light source has attracted attention from all walks of life with its energy saving and environmental protection, making it the biggest hot spot in the domestic lighting field in recent years. However, the emergence of a new technology and its maturity, resulting in a wide range of applications requires a process that cannot be achieved overnight. This article will review the development of domestic LED lighting in the past decade to explore the future development of domestic LED lighting.
2 Domestic LED lighting development background
Saving energy, protecting the environment, and developing green lighting products have been the focus of China's lighting industry since the early 1990s. Therefore, when high-efficiency LEDs appeared, they immediately attracted the attention of relevant domestic ministries. In June 2003, the Ministry of Science and Technology led the establishment of the “National Semiconductor Lighting Project Coordination Leading Groupâ€, which kicked off the domestic LED lighting industry. At the beginning of 2009, the Ministry of Science and Technology launched the pilot project of “Ten Cities and Ten Thousands†semiconductor lighting application engineering, which set off the development climax of domestic LED road lamps. In October 2009, in response to the development of domestic LED lighting, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other six ministries and commissions issued the “Opinions on the Development of LED Lighting Energy-Saving Industryâ€, which clarified the development goals of China's LED lighting industry in 2015. The specific target is that the output value of the semiconductor lighting energy-saving industry will increase by 30% annually before 2015, of which functional lighting accounts for 20%, LCD backlights reach 50%, and landscape decorative lamp products account for more than 70%. In September 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Communications launched a tender for 50 LED demonstration projects, which attracted the active participation of many enterprises. A series of promotion activities and related policies for LED lighting products carried out by relevant national ministries and commissions have greatly accelerated the development of China's LED lighting industry and played an active role in promoting the application of LEDs in the field of lighting.
3 Domestic LED lighting industry development review
In the 21st century, with the breakthrough of LED luminous efficiency, the application of LED in the field of lighting is gradually unfolding. China has taken the lead in applying traffic lights. Since 2000, large-scale replacement of traffic lights has been carried out in China. By the end of 2005, LED traffic lights were basically used in cities from rural to rural areas. China is currently the fastest, most abundant and most popular country for LED traffic lights in all countries of the world. Interestingly, due to the immature green LEDs in the early stage, the traffic lights in many cities in China use red, yellow and blue colors. Later, with the green LEDs mature, they gradually return to the three standard colors of red, yellow and green. While a large number of LED traffic lights have been replaced, various traffic signs have also adopted LED light sources.
In 2005, in order to welcome the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, Beijing increased its efforts to reorganize outdoor billboards, advertising light boxes and store signs. Previously, such products were mainly based on neon lights, but the neon lights had high energy consumption, short life span, and unstable quality. After the problems occurred, they could not be maintained in time, which affected the image of the city. Therefore, the Beijing Municipal Government has introduced some restrictions and regulations and advocated the use of energy-saving products. After that, various cities in the country followed suit, which provided an opportunity for LEDs to replace neon lights with 100 years of history. By 2008, a large number of billboards and store signs in domestic central cities basically adopted LED as a light source, and advertising light boxes were gradually replaced by display screens.
LED outdoor lighting products used in urban landscape lighting, due to their partial lighting functions, experienced some twists and turns in the process of research and development and promotion, such as light decay, light distribution, driving power, waterproof, etc. The lessons learned are gradually solved on the basis of the application. For example, in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, due to the immature LED landscape lighting products at that time, only a few projects in the central Olympic district used LED lighting, and most of the other environments still used traditional lighting products, while the LED lighting products that have been used were partially in use. The product still has quality problems. However, in the short span of two years in the 2010 Shanghai World Expo and the Guangzhou Asian Games, many technical problems of LED landscape lighting have been solved. The LED lighting products used in the landscape lighting of the Shanghai World Expo and the Guangzhou Asian Games have reached more than 90%. Its diverse color variations and strong visual impact have left a deep impression on the audience around the world.
In addition to the successful application of LED lighting in the development of LED lighting in China for more than 10 years, there are still quite a few fields that have been unknowingly replaced by traditional lighting products by LED lighting products, such as aircraft take-off and landing for airport runways. Indicator lights, mid-line lamps, commercial counter lighting, miners' cap lamps for coal miners, entertainment venue lamps and film stage lamps, various emergency lamps used in buildings, turn signals, brake lights, reading in cars Lights, train cars, aircraft cabin lighting, etc. Lighting lamps in the above fields, LED lighting products have become mainstream. In addition, because the LED does not contain ultraviolet light, it does not harm the cultural relics, and the museum also uses a certain amount of LED lighting products.
In the development of LED lighting for ten years, there are also unsuccessful cases, that is, road lamps. As we all know, LED road lamps are one of the most demanding functional lighting products in the field of lighting. Whether its technical performance indicators meet the requirements has a direct relationship with driving safety and personal safety. In 2007, a group of enterprises entered the field of LED road lighting production, driven by relevant government departments and local governments. Some of these companies have not been involved in the lighting industry before, and they do not understand the road lighting standards and usage requirements. Others, although formerly lighting companies, do not know enough about LED characteristics. This has led to the production of LED street lamp products that do not meet the technical requirements, and at the same time do not meet the requirements for use. Technical aspects such as light decay, secondary optical design, and driving power supply were installed on the road in the early stage when these problems were not solved, resulting in quality problems in a short period of time. In terms of use, the color temperature selection and secondary optical design of the LED chip are unreasonable, resulting in the lighting effect of the road not meeting requirements, such as illumination and uniformity, brightness and uniformity, glare limitation, and environmental ratio. It is precisely because of these reasons that many installed LED street lamps are constantly being maintained and replaced during the use process. Some roads have been changed several times in a few years, and some have been installed for a short time and have been taken down and re-installed. Replace the street light with a traditional light source. This result has left a negative impression on the LED streetlight users' brains while causing economic losses to the participating companies, and has hidden hidden dangers for the future promotion of LED street lamps.
Through review and analysis, we will find that in the past ten years, the successful application of domestic LED lighting products has been concentrated in the lighting fields with display, indication and color change, such as traffic lights, emergency lighting, film and television stage. Lighting, airport runway lighting, outdoor landscape lighting, etc., rarely involve functional lighting products or general environmental lighting products. Due to various technical problems and problems in the development of LED street lamps, the promotion of LED street lamps is not smooth. Under the influence of the market, some LED street lamp manufacturers gradually calm down, reducing or abandoning further investment in LED street lamps, and the heat of LED street lamps has declined.
Ten years of LED lighting development history, there are successes and lessons, and products that meet market rules and adapt to the market can be developed. By administrative means and violation of market rules, the results will naturally not be ideal.
4 LED lighting application
In the near stage, with the improvement of LED light efficiency and the improvement of various photoelectric parameters, and the further understanding of LED lighting characteristics by LED lighting manufacturers, the LED lighting products developed have greatly improved in light quality, making LED lighting products application. The conditions in the field of general lighting are already available. Under the background of heavy energy-saving and emission-reduction tasks, the society has reached a new level of attention to the efficient LED lighting products that have entered the general lighting field, forming a new LED that is hotter than the previous LED street lamps. Indoor lighting is hot. At the Guangzhou International Lighting Exhibition in June this year, more than 90% of the exhibitors exhibited LED lighting products in more than 90% of the booths. Different from the past few years, this year's indoor LED lighting products are exhibited, not LED road lighting products. From the exhibition, we will deeply feel the high heat of LED indoor lighting.
Faced with the current domestic LED indoor lighting heat, LED manufacturers have to keep a clear head and avoid repeating the mistakes of LED road lamps, which has become a problem for every enterprise.
At present, domestic LED lighting manufacturers are more for the purpose of replacement in the process of developing and producing LED lighting products. Therefore, as an LED manufacturer, it is first necessary to understand the basic situation of the replaced objects, such as the light efficiency, color temperature and display of traditional light sources. Color index and the role played by these indicators, the performance status of various types of lamps, lighting requirements in different places. Through the understanding of traditional lighting products and the analysis of the places of use, planning the development sequence of LED lighting products and the roadmap for marketing are the most important tasks for LED lighting manufacturers. Table 1 lists the luminous efficacy values ​​and color rendering index values ​​of the current main light sources.
The light effect value in the table indicates: For the traditional light source, the light effect refers to the light source effect of the light source including the ballast power consumption. LED refers to the energy efficiency of the power consumption of the driver after packaging.
For the analysis of data in the table, in the traditional light source, due to the adoption of new technology, the light efficiency will have some room for improvement in the next few years. It is predicted to reach a level of 38 lm / w. The light efficiency of other light sources is basically stable. Too much room for improvement. The LED light source has a large room for improvement. The light efficiency of an international company's LED chip has been announced to reach 208 lm / w last year, and the package production capacity can reach 168 lm / w.
For the application of LED lighting products, we can discuss from two aspects: product development and marketing.
4. 1 LED lighting product development path
The development of LED lighting products can be considered from the following three aspects
(1) Plan the development sequence of LED light sources according to the development of LED light efficiency.
To develop an LED light source, first of all, it should be ensured that the luminous efficacy of the LED light source has obvious advantages compared with the traditional light source light efficiency in order to have an alternative condition.
The efficacy data in Table 1 gives a very wide range, which is highly dependent on the power and technology of the source. In general, for traditional light sources, the higher the power, the higher the luminous efficiency, and the technology and advanced technology can also effectively improve the light efficiency, but the price will be higher. As a technician in the production enterprise, to develop LED lighting products, we should first strengthen the understanding of the light efficiency of traditional light sources, and then plan the development order of LED light sources according to the development of LED light effects. The development trend of LED light efficiency can be seen in Figure 1.
For the analysis of the luminous efficacy values ​​of the light sources including the LEDs in Table 1, we will conclude that LED light sources have obvious energy-saving advantages instead of incandescent lamps and integrated energy-saving lamps. Therefore, priority should be given to developing such products, such as LEDs. Balls, sharp bulbs, LED MRII, MR16, PAR light series, LED downlights, etc., currently have a certain amount of market sales of such products, and also gained some market experience.
Secondly, according to the development trend of LED light efficiency, LED tubes and similar products of straight tubes are developed.
Finally, consider the development of LED light sources used in various types of luminaires currently using HID light sources.
It should be noted that because the principle of LED illumination is different from that of traditional light sources, it is necessary to fully consider the LED's illumination characteristics during design, and develop LED light sources for different environments and requirements.
Figure 1 depicts the light effect of various types of electric light sources. It can be seen from the figure that after the white LEDs in 2012, the luminous efficacy will exceed the light efficiency of all common light sources, and the light efficiency is fast and the space is large.
(2) Develop various types of LED lighting products according to the characteristics of the lamps.
The traditional light source has an illumination angle of 360°, and the LED illumination angle is generally about 120°. The difference in illumination angle determines the significant difference between LED lamps and traditional lamps in terms of lamp efficiency. Since the traditional light source is 360° illumination, part of the light must be reflected to the illuminated surface. Therefore, the reflectivity of the reflector material, the light distribution of the reflector, and the structure of the lamp are reasonable, which determines the efficiency of the lamp. The LED illumination is about 120°, and the illumination can be illuminated to the illuminated surface without reflection, but a properly designed lens is needed to meet the light requirements of the illuminated surface. Judging from the form of light output, the light utilization of LEDs is much larger than that of traditional light sources.
Table 2 lists the luminaire efficiencies of some typical traditional luminaires. It should be noted that China's standard system is consistent with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Previously, due to the IEC's performance requirements other than the safety of lamps, the national standards did not specify the performance of the lamps. After the market demand, the National Standardization Committee's lighting standardization committee formulated the performance standards for some lamps, including the efficiency of the lamps. index. Performance is a recommended standard in China, and generally does not require mandatory requirements. The reality is. In the actual implementation process, the indicators of most enterprises are lower than the standard requirements, which has a lot to do with the design, manufacturing and testing capabilities of most domestic lighting manufacturers. There are two types of luminaire efficiency in the table, one is the existing standard value, and the other is the standard measured value. For the numerical analysis in the table, the downlight fixture has the lowest efficiency, which is related to the shape of the fixture. Since the lamp body of the downlight lamp is deep, most of the light is not effectively output as a light source of 360° illumination. At present, the luminaire efficiency of downlight luminaires is mostly concentrated between 40% and 50%. Although the efficiency of the luminaire of the bracket is relatively high, since the luminaire is open type, part of the light is the upward illuminating light, and the actual light utilization rate is not high. Lamps of other types of lamps are more than 75% efficient. Classroom lamps and blackboard lamps are required for high efficiency due to the special location.
Take energy-saving lamp downlights that achieve energy efficiency of 9 to 14W and 15 to 24W. (The two specifications of energy-saving lamps are the largest in general buildings), the initial light efficiency value of the first-level energy efficiency The maximum power calculations for the two specifications are 62 lm /W and 69 lm /W, respectively. The total optical flux is:
62 × 14 = 868lm (power is 14W)
69 × 24 = 1656lm (power is 24W)
If the luminaire efficiency is 50%, the total output light of the luminaire is:
868 × 0. 5 = 434lm
1656 × 0. 5 = 828lm
Finally, the luminous efficacy of the lamps is:
434 ÷ 14 = ≈31lm /W
828 ÷ 24 = 34. 5lm /W
The energy efficiency of LEDs in the table can reach 50lm /W at the minimum, which indicates that LED downlight lamps have an advantage in replacing traditional downlight lamps in terms of light efficiency.
Therefore, according to the traditional luminaire efficiency values ​​in the table, LED lamp lighting products should be prioritized when developing LED luminaires, including ceiling lamps and spotlights. Most of these products use ordinary incandescent lamps, halogen lamps, and energy-saving lamps as the light source. The light source itself has low luminous efficiency. At the same time, considering the efficiency of the lamps, the developed LED lamps have obvious advantages in light efficiency compared with similar lamps.
Followed by LED integrated brackets, dark trough lamps, closet lamps and all kinds of home lighting, such lamps, mostly with straight tube fluorescent lamps or ring lamps as the light source. At present, although the light effect of LEDs in the form of lamps is not obvious compared with the traditional T5 lamps, but because of its small illumination angle and high light utilization rate, it can be reflected in some occasions with the support of the bracket. energy saving effect. Dark trough luminaires and closet luminaires are generally auxiliary lighting, and the illumination requirements are not very high. LED replacement can reduce dark areas and is easy to install.
LED lighting (pan) lighting fixtures for landscape lighting have been used more in the past few years, but as functional projection (pan) lighting fixtures, such as lighting fixtures for stadiums or key buildings, including streetlights Tunnel lights, as well as professional lighting products for office, hospital, school and commercial brand stores, should be developed according to the improvement of LED light efficiency and the progress of LED lighting product technology research.
For LED lighting products that have been widely used in some fields, manufacturers should carefully summarize the application experience over the past few years, analyze their effects, and further improve and integrate such products to give full play to the advantages of LED.
(3) Innovation
The development of the LED lighting products mentioned above is basically for the purpose of substitution, and actually does not play and reflect the advantages of LED. As a new type of light source that differs from the traditional light source, the LED products should have different expressions than traditional lamps.
Many professional lighting designers have long proposed the concept of “seeing the light without seeing the light†for the lighting environment, and the emergence of LEDs really provides an opportunity for this view. At present, some professional lighting designers and manufacturers are also trying to do this. If the light is delivered to the illuminated space by means of reflection, the luminaire itself can be left in the line of sight of the person in the illumination space. In addition, the LED light source is arranged at the edge of the lamp cavity, and the light is conducted through the light guide plate. This design can effectively reduce the height of the lamp and reduce the ceiling space of the building, thereby saving construction cost. We can also imagine whether rear projection technology can be applied in the design of lighting products. Therefore, as a LED lighting manufacturer, we should fully study the LED lighting characteristics, break the frame, and use our imagination to design lighting products suitable for LED characteristics.
It should be noted that when developing LED lighting fixtures, in addition to studying the LED lighting characteristics, designing lighting fixtures suitable for LED characteristics, it should also be noted that LED light sources are more sensitive to heat than conventional light sources, so designing lamps should consider heat dissipation. This requires attention to the choice of materials and the rational design of the structure.
4. 2 Marketing path of LED lighting products
The emergence of new technologies requires market testing to become a product that the market needs. Therefore, in addition to the technical parameters of LEDs, the development of LED lighting products should also consider the needs of the market and rationally plan the roadmap for the promotion of LED lighting products.
(1) Planning LED lighting product promotion roadmap according to different lighting requirements of different places
LED as a new energy-saving light source has received attention in all aspects, making LED lighting products develop rapidly in a short period of time. but
Yes, energy saving is only one indicator in lighting requirements. It also includes indicators such as color temperature, color rendering index, glare limitation, and illumination. In the face of the development of LED lighting, some people put forward "Is we prepared to sacrifice lighting quality for energy saving?", the affirmative answer is "no". Because of this, as an LED lighting manufacturer, LED lighting products should be promoted in an orderly manner according to the LED lighting R&D level and lighting requirements of different places. This requires understanding the lighting requirements of various places. GB50034—2004 “Architectural Lighting Design Standards†gives lighting requirements for various places. Table 3 is the lighting requirement value of some places according to GB50034. For more places, the lighting requirements can be found in GB50034-2004. It is understood that the standard has been included in the revised plan for next year, and manufacturers should always pay attention to the promulgation of the latest version to ensure that the developed LED lighting products can meet the requirements of use.
GB50034-2004 stipulates some lighting requirements, and does not have specific requirements for color temperature, but some places are very sensitive to color temperature. For example, the color temperature requirements in the rooms of four-star and five-star hotels are generally low, and the crystal lamps used in the hall are used. Supporting light source, etc. In addition, the standard requirements are the minimum requirements, such as the color rendering index Ra, the basic requirements of the above-mentioned places are 80, but in some places in actual use, such as some commercial environments, high-end restaurants, some production workshops, sports that require HD live broadcast. For venues, etc., the color rendering index requirements will reach 90 or more.
Figure 2 is a plot of the efficacy trends and color rendering indices for three different color temperatures provided by Philips LUMILEDS. The luminous efficacy of 3000K is currently the lowest, the color rendering index can reach 80, 5700K, the light efficiency is the highest, the color rendering index is only 65, and the light effect difference between high color temperature and low color temperature is about 15% to 20%. From the figure, the LED light efficiency of the 2011 low color temperature is close to 100 lm /W. However, it is explained here that the electric light source does not necessarily have a low color temperature and its color rendering index is necessarily high. For example, the color temperature of the high pressure sodium lamp is very low, and the color rendering index is also low.
Under normal circumstances, the color temperature of the LED is high, the light efficiency is low, and the color temperature is low. In addition, if the LED illumination increases the color rendering index, it is necessary to increase the proportion of red light in the light ratio, which also reduces the light efficiency of the LED. The reduction of light efficiency will inevitably lead to a decline in energy-saving effect, but it is acceptable for consumers to save energy under the premise of ensuring lighting quality. Otherwise, excessive emphasis on energy saving and neglect of lighting quality is not beneficial to the promotion of LED lighting. In the past few years, many manufacturers have promoted LED lighting products with the banner of energy saving. In many projects, LED lighting products have been applied. Because the lighting quality can not meet the requirements of use, the user can meet the lighting requirements for LED lighting applications. There is suspicion and a more cautious approach has been taken from the adoption of LED lighting products.
In order to enable the smooth application of LED lighting products in the field of lighting, increase users' confidence in LED lighting products, and enable enterprises to achieve economic benefits in promotion, LED lighting manufacturers should have an in-depth understanding of the lighting requirements of various places, understand each The demand for lighting products in the category places, through the analysis of lighting effects, lighting performance, lighting requirements in different places, planning the marketing roadmap for LED lighting products.
First of all, priority is given to the promotion of lamps for hotels, commercial premises and underground parking lots.
At present, the rooms and lobby of four-star and five-star hotels use high-energy ordinary incandescent lamps, halogen lamps or low-power integrated energy-saving lamps as the light source. Under the premise of meeting the low color temperature requirements of the hotel, LED lighting products are more effective than traditional light sources in use. For example, in the crystal chandeliers used in hotel lobbies or restaurants, the light source used is 2700K-based incandescent lamps, and the number is less than tens of hundreds. In the past, when energy-saving lamps were promoted, the color saturation of energy-saving lamps was used. Not enough, after replacing the incandescent lamp, it lost the crystal clear effect of the crystal lamp, so in many occasions, the crystal lamp did not use the energy-saving lamp. LEDs just make up for the shortcomings of energy-saving lamps. At present, companies have developed LED bulbs and bubble bulbs for crystal lamps. If 5W LED bulbs can be used instead of 40W incandescent lamps, the energy-saving effect is achieved while ensuring the refraction effect of the crystal lamps, and the energy-saving effect is equivalent. considerable.
In general commercial places such as counter lighting, shop lighting and some catering environments, interlocking supermarkets, fast-class hotels, etc., such places are mostly based on halogen lamps, energy-saving lamp downlights or fluorescent lamp brackets, and lamp holders. The index requirements are general, the color temperature requirements are not strict, and the lamps with high color temperature LED light source can be used to effectively exert the advantages of LED high light efficiency.
In the underground parking lot, such places are illuminated for 24 hours. If LED lighting is used, the power saving is obvious per unit time, and then the dimming technology is used to control the time period, which can achieve obvious energy saving effect.
Secondly, consider the promotion of such places as station platforms, waiting rooms, including subway stations, docks, airport waiting rooms, etc. Some of these places are fluorescent lamps, some of which use metal halide lamps, which can be flexibly grasped during the promotion process. Infiltrate from HID-type lamps from alternative fluorescent lamps. Dimming control technology should also be considered in such locations to achieve greater energy savings.
Secondly, it is promoted in factories, hospitals, schools, factories, mines, roads, etc. This kind of environmental lighting requires high requirements, and it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on LEDs such as luminescence characteristics and photoelectric parameters, product design, trial use, and trial and error. After that, it can be promoted in an orderly manner.
In addition, clothing brand specialty stores, high-end restaurants and other places require true color reflection, such as the color of clothing, as well as the color, fragrance, taste of Chinese dishes, the color is ranked first, lighting has become the first element. Therefore, in addition to the low color temperature, the lighting products of such places require a very high color rendering index. In this regard, LEDs need to increase research and development efforts.
At present, the promotion of the above places is mainly based on engineering channels. Enterprises should fully utilize and mobilize the resource advantages in this aspect.
Finally, until the LED cost-effectiveness is reasonable, it can be accepted by the general consumers, and then the LED lighting products will be pushed into the circulation field and enter the professional lighting market.
The development of LED lighting has a history of ten years. This period is also a mixed stage. The quality of LED lighting products is uneven. Many users are also trying to adopt LED lighting products in the project, but because of lack of understanding, LED lighting is adopted. The product is not as good as the propaganda in the actual application, the light decay is fast, the driving power supply is easy to be broken, the quality is unstable, and the environmental requirements do not match, which makes the user confused when choosing the LED lighting product. This situation increases the difficulty for companies to promote LED lighting products in the future. Therefore, companies must further improve the performance of LED lighting products and focus on product quality based on the improvement of LED light parameters. Based on the premise of product development level, timely selection of suitable places to promote LED lighting products.
Only in this way can the user ensure the use of qualified and suitable LED lighting products, so that the production enterprises can obtain economic benefits and ensure the smooth development of the enterprise. After all, the development of "scientific, reasonable, orderly and healthy" LED lighting industry is the goal we are pursuing.
(2) Promote LED lighting products with reference to cost performance
There are many factors in the final use of a new technology. In addition to the technical factors involved above, there is a more important factor, cost-effective. How to effectively reduce costs based on ensuring various technical indicators and achieving lighting quality levels is a key factor for the smooth and rapid development of LED lighting products in the future.
Figure 3 is a trend chart of future LED chip prices provided by Cree. It can be seen that the price of LED will have a huge room for decline in the next decade, which guarantees a large number of applications of LED lighting products.
For the development of LED lighting, we can refer to the development process of energy-saving lamps. In the early 1990s, when integrated energy-saving lamps were introduced to the market, each price was around 100 yuan, which was 100 times that of incandescent lamps. For ordinary consumers, the use of energy-saving lamps is unimaginable. However, after 20 years of research and development, innovation and promotion, while the luminous efficiency of energy-saving lamps has improved and various photoelectric properties have been improved, the production capacity has increased, the scale has been expanded, the manufacturing costs have dropped drastically, and the average sales price of energy-saving lamps has dropped to about 10 yuan/ Only left and right, become the main product in the field of lighting. It has also made China the world's largest producer of energy-saving lamps, and its product technology has reached international standards. However, in the development of energy-saving lamps, it has also experienced similar situations with current LED lighting products. In the initial stage, there are also uneven product quality and wide price differences. Users and consumers are also faced with price and quality when purchasing energy-saving lamps. The confusion and the conclusion that "energy-saving lamps save electricity and not save money", but after the efforts of the whole industry, the market of energy-saving lamps has gone from chaos to regulation and accepted by consumers. Today's LED lighting products are strikingly similar to the beginning of the development of energy-saving lamps. The price is high and chaotic, the quality is uneven, and the claim is far from the actual situation. Users have no choice. This year, with the sharp increase in the price of phosphors, the price of LED lighting products has reached 5 times to 10 times that of fluorescent lamps. When the energy-saving lamps entered the market, the incandescent lamps were 100 times different. Large, and now the per capita income and energy-saving awareness is not the same as the current year. Compared with the promotion of energy-saving lamps in the past, LED lighting products have a greater advantage in cost performance.
However, the advantage of cost performance does not mean that all users can accept and adopt LED lighting products at present. After all, the price of qualified LED lighting products that can meet the requirements of use is still very high, so manufacturers should consider users when choosing marketing. Affordability.
First of all, four-star, five-star hotels, such places have high electricity prices, electricity costs account for a large proportion of their operating costs, lighting requirements in addition to low color temperature requirements, other are general, product technical requirements are easy to reach. It is understood that the National Tourism Administration is preparing policies for adopting energy-saving products, such as star rating and the proportion of energy-saving products, which determines that the enthusiasm of LED lighting products in such places will be high in the future. After all, the hotel has one more star. The listing price is very different, and the price of the product is not so important. In addition, the light requirements are low, the lighting time is long, the electricity cost is high, the quantity is large, and the place where energy saving can be achieved through control is also a priority for promotion.
This year, the large price increase of phosphors in the short term also provides the best opportunity for the development of LED lighting products. Twenty years ago, the most used product faced by energy-saving lamps was incandescent lamps. Today, 20 years later, the largest amount of LED lighting products are fluorescent lamps. From the current situation of analysis, as a strategic resource of rare earth, its future mining and sales, state control will only be further strengthened, so the price increase of phosphors will be a long-term trend. With the expansion of the use of LED lighting products, the cost will be greatly reduced, the cost performance of LED lighting products will be improved rapidly, and the large-scale use of LED lighting products is just around the corner.
5 Summary
As a new light source emerges, there are two kinds of sounds in dispute. One is that in some years, LED lighting completely replaces traditional light sources; another is that it takes a long time for LEDs to enter the lighting field. , now don't need too much attention. In fact, both sounds have their shortcomings. The former is unrealistic and the latter is not desirable.
LED as a new type of light source, the technological progress in recent years is obvious to all. However, in the development of LED lighting products in China, many companies lack scientific attitudes, and there is no in-depth research. They simply imitate traditional products, product homogeneity is serious, products fail to meet technical requirements and requirements, and quality is unstable. It is also an indisputable fact that the products are brought to market and cause many unnecessary losses and negative effects.
The current reality is that the industry is hot, the market is cold, and the LED lighting products are “satisfiedâ€. Many companies engaged in LED lighting for many years have invested a lot of money, but they have not received the expected benefits. The LED lighting industry is somewhat like a “surrounded cityâ€, and it is struggling to enter early companies, but there are more companies coming in. Faced with this situation, LED lighting manufacturers should keep a clear head. In a scientific attitude, starting from basic research, we can learn from the practices of foreign counterparts, and do not rush to make a large number of products in the case of immature LED lighting products. Pushing it to the market will have the opposite effect.
LED has brought a revolution to the lighting industry. In the future, LED has become the mainstream in the field of lighting. As long as LED manufacturers strengthen their investment, establish a sound testing system, strengthen research, be brave in innovation, understand LED lighting characteristics, fully understand standards, understand the use of environmental lighting requirements, and understand user needs, we will be able to grow the enterprise with the development of LED lighting industry. Be strong and contribute to the future of China's lighting industry in the international lighting field.
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