With the rapid development of computer technology, human-machine interface technology is also constantly improving: From the early interaction of perforated paper tapes, panel switches, and display lights to today’s line-of-sight tracking, speech recognition, sensory feedback, etc. Ability to interact with devices. The development of the user interface has gone through three phases: batch processing, command line, and graphical interface. The current research and development focus has been placed on the Post-WIMP interface.
Human-computer interaction technology has gone through several different major development stages and typical styles for decades. Currently, the dominant graphical user interface (WIMP/GUI) is constantly criticized, and the new interactive technology is still immature and popular, so people are more interested in arguing about the future of the human-machine interface “what might be like "And there is no consensus. Here, we also want to join the ranks of this discussion. According to the results of our research work over the past few years, we have expressed some opinions on what is the ideal human-computer interaction style. Our starting point is in the background of ergonomics, following the basic point of view of ergonomics and emphasizing human-computer cooperation on the premise of “human-centeredâ€.
Let us first examine how humans treat tools before the advent of ergonomics. Regardless of how a designer of a specific tool understands the relationship between people and tools in a specific period, humankind is working tirelessly to reform and tame nature in the long history of human labor (especially the manufacture and use of tools). The manufacture and improvement of tools are carried out on the premise of this purpose. The degree of training and the degree of training required to use a particular tool is also not the same. Human skills are simple and complex. Maybe everyone can learn to type, but not everyone can learn to fly a space shuttle.
A more reasonable view is that "natural human-computer interaction is performed using human daily skills", emphasizing that no special training or training is required. But what exactly is "daily skills" and daily skills are obtained without training or light training? Languages ​​(especially written languages) must be trained, music, painting, production processes, etc. We believe that the skills that people have when they move from the daily environment to the computing environment are the so-called "day-to-day skills." It can be seen that this is a relative concept, and it does not scrutinize the need for training. Therefore, we cannot measure the quality of human-computer interaction technology by whether we need training. Ergonomics does not negate training. It is people’s desire to avoid training or reduce training. However, whether or not it can be achieved is not completely determined by the subjective will of man. It should be based on the purpose, characteristics, occasions, and implementation costs of human-computer interaction tasks. Factors determine the natural procedures that human-computer communication should achieve.
Perhaps for the early "pure" computer problems and the few computer experts, the command language and programming language interface is sufficient. However, when computers are widely used in non-numerical computing areas such as CAD/CAM, word processing, and MIS, a large number of geometric, spatial, non-numerical, and non-symbolic information processing methods are required. At this time, the complexity of the formal language interface is Abstractness, memory load requirements, etc. limit the in-depth and widespread use of computer applications, and direct manipulation to the user interface technology has emerged and become popular. We believe that formal languages ​​will not disappear, and certainly not all users will be forced to accept it. This is just like mathematics language is not replaced by other forms of language (such as graphics, gestures), although psychologists try to make heavy use of non-mathematical means in mathematics education; if popular music and elegant music are divided, audiences Each is good. At present, direct manipulation of the interface not only does not completely replace the formal language interface, but it also shows many limitations. Language-based dialogue and interactive methods have begun to receive attention again. However, the dialogue language is no longer limited to simple formal languages, but has introduced natural language or natural language-like dialogues, such as the so-called fourth-generation language, and even the introduction of speech-based language. Human-machine dialogue. The user interface based on formal language, natural language, or natural language is essentially command-driven, and its basic mode is the opposite of directly operating the user interface. These two fundamentally different modes of human-computer interaction exist in human daily activities in their corresponding forms, corresponding to linguistic and non-verbal communication activities, respectively, the latter refers to body language, including posture, modality, touch, near Body, signs, etc. Languages ​​are acquired, both spoken and written, and written languages ​​require formal and specialized education and training to master.
We believe that the natural human-computer interaction model is a form of human-computer interaction that is dominated by direct manipulation and coexists with command language, especially natural language. The ideal human-computer interaction mode is "user freedom."
Human-computer interaction technology has gone through several different major development stages and typical styles for decades. Currently, the dominant graphical user interface (WIMP/GUI) is constantly criticized, and the new interactive technology is still immature and popular, so people are more interested in arguing about the future of the human-machine interface “what might be like "And there is no consensus. Here, we also want to join the ranks of this discussion. According to the results of our research work over the past few years, we have expressed some opinions on what is the ideal human-computer interaction style. Our starting point is in the background of ergonomics, following the basic point of view of ergonomics and emphasizing human-computer cooperation on the premise of “human-centeredâ€.
Let us first examine how humans treat tools before the advent of ergonomics. Regardless of how a designer of a specific tool understands the relationship between people and tools in a specific period, humankind is working tirelessly to reform and tame nature in the long history of human labor (especially the manufacture and use of tools). The manufacture and improvement of tools are carried out on the premise of this purpose. The degree of training and the degree of training required to use a particular tool is also not the same. Human skills are simple and complex. Maybe everyone can learn to type, but not everyone can learn to fly a space shuttle.
A more reasonable view is that "natural human-computer interaction is performed using human daily skills", emphasizing that no special training or training is required. But what exactly is "daily skills" and daily skills are obtained without training or light training? Languages ​​(especially written languages) must be trained, music, painting, production processes, etc. We believe that the skills that people have when they move from the daily environment to the computing environment are the so-called "day-to-day skills." It can be seen that this is a relative concept, and it does not scrutinize the need for training. Therefore, we cannot measure the quality of human-computer interaction technology by whether we need training. Ergonomics does not negate training. It is people’s desire to avoid training or reduce training. However, whether or not it can be achieved is not completely determined by the subjective will of man. It should be based on the purpose, characteristics, occasions, and implementation costs of human-computer interaction tasks. Factors determine the natural procedures that human-computer communication should achieve.
Perhaps for the early "pure" computer problems and the few computer experts, the command language and programming language interface is sufficient. However, when computers are widely used in non-numerical computing areas such as CAD/CAM, word processing, and MIS, a large number of geometric, spatial, non-numerical, and non-symbolic information processing methods are required. At this time, the complexity of the formal language interface is Abstractness, memory load requirements, etc. limit the in-depth and widespread use of computer applications, and direct manipulation to the user interface technology has emerged and become popular. We believe that formal languages ​​will not disappear, and certainly not all users will be forced to accept it. This is just like mathematics language is not replaced by other forms of language (such as graphics, gestures), although psychologists try to make heavy use of non-mathematical means in mathematics education; if popular music and elegant music are divided, audiences Each is good. At present, direct manipulation of the interface not only does not completely replace the formal language interface, but it also shows many limitations. Language-based dialogue and interactive methods have begun to receive attention again. However, the dialogue language is no longer limited to simple formal languages, but has introduced natural language or natural language-like dialogues, such as the so-called fourth-generation language, and even the introduction of speech-based language. Human-machine dialogue. The user interface based on formal language, natural language, or natural language is essentially command-driven, and its basic mode is the opposite of directly operating the user interface. These two fundamentally different modes of human-computer interaction exist in human daily activities in their corresponding forms, corresponding to linguistic and non-verbal communication activities, respectively, the latter refers to body language, including posture, modality, touch, near Body, signs, etc. Languages ​​are acquired, both spoken and written, and written languages ​​require formal and specialized education and training to master.
We believe that the natural human-computer interaction model is a form of human-computer interaction that is dominated by direct manipulation and coexists with command language, especially natural language. The ideal human-computer interaction mode is "user freedom."
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