At first glance, the gyroscope, such a tall thing is generally not known, but I believe that most people should have heard of the top, in fact, their principles are similar. In fact, whether it is mobile navigation, sports step, or even measuring how many floors you climb today, VR glasses truly reproduce the three-dimensional world, drones hover in the air... The implementation of these functions is based on a component inside the device - -Gyro. Its three-dimensional positioning is not accurate, what is the deviation? These directly affect our lives.
1. The past and present of the gyroscope: Is the gyroscope a god horse?Gyroscope (Angle Rate Sensor), Wikipedia explains that "gyroscope is a device used to sense and maintain direction, based on the theory of angular momentum conservation, and is mainly composed of a wheel that can be rotated at the axis. "This sentence is a good explanation of the role of the gyroscope in measuring and maintaining direction. Gyros are divided into: piezoelectric gyroscopes, micromachined gyroscopes, fiber optic gyroscopes and laser gyroscopes, which are all electronic, and can be used as an inertial navigation control system with accelerometers, magnetoresistive chips, GPS, etc. In addition to navigation, gyroscopes and these key technologies will help robots. It is widely believed that in 1850, French physicist J. Foucault invented the gyroscope to study the Earth's rotation. The gyroscope of that era can be understood as placing a high-speed rotating gyro on a gimbal, so that because the gyro remains stable at high speeds, people can identify the direction through the direction of the gyro, determine the attitude, and calculate the angular velocity.
The universal bracket can guarantee that the top will not fall anyway, and the universal bracket can be traced back to the incense burner thousands of years ago in China. In addition to navigation, gyroscopes and these key technologies will help the robot gyroscope to be used first in navigation (the aircraft has not been invented in the same year) and later used in aviation. Because the plane flies in the air, it can't identify the direction with the naked eye like the ground, and the direction of the flight can't see the danger is extremely high, so the gyroscope is quickly applied and becomes the core of the flight instrument.
In the Second World War, all countries were engaged in the production of new weapons, and the Germans engaged in missiles to bomb the United Kingdom. This is the prototype of today's missiles. From Germany to the United Kingdom, how can the Thousand Miles fly so that the missile can fly to the target?
Thus, the Germans came up with an inertial guidance system. The inertial guidance system uses the gyroscope to determine the direction and angular velocity, the accelerometer to test the acceleration, and then through mathematical calculations, you can calculate the distance and route of the missile flight, and then control the flight attitude, and strive to let the missile fall to where you want to go.
During the Second World War, the computer was good, the instrument was good, and the precision was not enough. So the German missiles were very different. I wanted to blow up London. The result was that the bombs were everywhere, which made the British panic for a while.
However, since then, the inertial guidance system with the gyroscope as the core has been widely used in aerospace. Today, there are still such things in the missile. But with the stimulation of demand, gyroscopes are constantly evolving.
2. Evolution of the gyroscopeThe earliest gyroscopes were mechanical, and there were really high-speed spinning gyros. The mechanical things had high requirements on machining accuracy and were afraid of vibration. Therefore, the precision of the mechanical gyroscope-based navigation system was not too high.
So people began to look for better ways. Using physics advances, in the 1880s, fiber optic gyroscopes based on optical fiber coils were popular, and they calculated angular displacement through path changes of light propagation. Compared with mechanical gyroscopes, they have long life and large dynamic range. Instantaneous start-up, simple structure, small size and light weight. At the same time, laser gyros, micro-electromechanical gyroscopes, etc. have also developed.
The fiber optic gyroscope utilizes the Sagnac effect, which calculates the angular velocity of rotation by measuring the optical path difference, and functions as a gyroscope to replace the function of the gyroscope.
In addition to navigation, gyroscopes and these key technologies will help robot laser gyroscopes to calculate angular velocity by calculating the optical path difference instead of gyroscopes. The most common is the three-axis gyroscope, which measures the position in six directions at the same time, moves the trajectory, and accelerates. A single axis can only measure the amount in one direction, that is, one system requires three gyroscopes, and one of the three axes can replace three single axes. The 3-axis has a small volume, light weight, simple structure and good reliability, and is a development trend of the laser gyro.
The MEMS gyroscope uses the Coriolis force of physics to generate tiny capacitance changes inside, then measure the capacitance and calculate the angular velocity to replace the gyroscope. The gyroscope used in the iPhone and our smartphones is the MEMS gyroscope (MEMS).
At present, the traditional mechanical gyroscope is being eliminated, the laser gyroscope is used in places where high precision is required, and the micro electromechanical gyroscope is in popularization. In addition to navigation, gyroscopes and these key technologies will help robots because microelectromechanical gyroscopes (MEMS) are microelectronics products that are growing rapidly and at a lower cost. Because of the dynamic requirements of the smart phone, the MEMS is used.
Although MEMS is not as accurate as fiber optics and laser gyros, it needs to refer to the data of other sensors to achieve functions, but its small size, low power consumption, easy to digitize and intelligent, especially low cost, easy to mass production, very suitable for mobile phones, Automotive traction control systems, medical equipment, which require mass production.
3, the application of gyroscope: ubiquitous gyroscopeIf it is only used in aerospace and missiles, then the gyroscope can only be said to be tall, but because of the emergence of microelectromechanical gyroscopes (MEMS), low-cost gyroscopes can be used in many fields.
1) The robot industry can also see gyroscopes everywhere.
Not long ago, Cobos exclusive innovation released the DG710 gyroscope planning sweeping robot. The sweeping robot adopts the innovative smartmove technology. When working, each direction change is 90° turn, which realizes the equidistant “bow†type cleaning of the whole family, which greatly reduces the previous sweeping robot. Clean up the missing behavior. At the same time, with the unique algorithm of the "memory position information" implanted, DG710 can form a home planning map in the "brain" after simple walking and sensing, which can directly compensate the area of ​​the sweeping, and improve the coverage rate. , greatly reducing the repeatability of cleaning. In addition to navigation, gyroscopes also help these robots. In addition, according to Japanese media reports, Panasonic AIS has combined the gyroscope with the acceleration detector to develop an autonomous mechanical system for the robot and robot industry on July 19 this year. Sensing detection module for heavy machinery. This module can be used in gesture detection and position estimation.
Panasonic's new product is equipped with a 3-axis gyroscope and an acceleration detector, and all the detected data will be transmitted to the built-in processor for processing, and it can realize the rotation of the XYZ direction, the 6-axis detection of the linear motion, and the output of the posture information.
2) Many MEMS gyroscopes are also used in the car to assist the GPS for inertial navigation.
In autonomous vehicles, about 25 to 40 MEMS sensors are used to detect the working conditions of different parts of the car, providing information to the driving computer, allowing the user to better control the car. Especially in the vicinity of tunnels, bridges or high-rises without GPS signals, the gyroscope measures the direction and speed of motion, multiplies the speed by time to obtain the distance of motion, achieves precise positioning and navigation, and can correct navigation lines. This is also standard on current navigators and cars. In addition to navigation, gyroscopes also have these key technologies that help robots
In addition to navigation, gyroscopes and these key technologies will help the robot. Volvo's self-driving car positioning system is composed of a GPS module, a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope. The 360-degree information obtained by combining the sensors can be used as a vehicle. Provide information on its location and relative position to surrounding objects.
3) The drone is also inseparable from the gyroscope
Very simple question, why is the drone not blown by the wind? The drone flight must first be balanced, so how can the drone without the pilot be balanced?
This is because the great gyroscope gives the drone a sense of balance, and the drone can perceive its own posture, and the automatic control system can maintain the balance like a driver. In addition to navigation, the gyroscope also has these key technologies that will help the robot not only be installed in the machine itself, but also on the gimbal, so that the camera is stable.
In addition to navigation, the gyroscopes also help these robots in emergency situations. The drones can also be remotely controlled by radio, allowing the operator to drive the drone directly like a pilot.
The most important thing is why the drone will not fly? The answer is the same as our road idiot.
The industry generally believes that the biggest difference between a drone and a model is the ability to have a flight control (autopilot) and autonomous flight. Flight control is seen as the core and most technical part of the drone, and its programs and algorithms are considered to be absolutely confidential. However, the navigation principle of the drone is actually not so deep. Similar to the GPS principle of the car described above, it is the same as our road walking.
4) Gyroscopic ubiquitous in mobile phones
What is the role of the MEMS gyroscope used to measure and maintain direction on mobile phones?
First of all, in the game control such as mobile games, all kinds of somatosensory operation functions are behind the micro-electromechanical gyroscope (MEMS). Compared with the traditional gravity sensor, it can only sense the left and right dimensions (multi-axis gravity sensing can detect the vertical rotation of the object, but the angle is difficult to judge), and the gyroscope can measure the angular velocity of the action by deflection, tilt, etc. It is possible to control the field of view and direction of the main character of the game by hand. For example, in a flying game, the mobile phone can be used as a steering wheel to control the aircraft. Just change the angle of the mobile phone at different angles, and the aircraft will make the linkage between the up, down, left, and right. Similar games are dominated by racing and analog driving.
Secondly, it can help the camera to anti-shake. When we press the shutter, the gyroscope measures the angle of the phone flip, feeds back the deviation caused by the hand shake to the image processor, uses the calculated result to control the lens group, compensates the lens's jitter direction and displacement, and achieves more. Clear photo effects.
Third, it can also assist the user interface to implement motion sensing. This is also the most common feature, such as IOS live wallpaper, the reason why the offset can be adjusted with the angle of the phone, is determined by gyroscope detection. In addition, some mobile phones can also scroll up and down the address book by tilting the mobile phone back and forth, and tilting the mobile phone to move the left or right of the browsing page or zoom in and out is the same principle.
In addition, wearable devices (gyro gloves help Parkinson patients reduce the frequency of hand shaking), the Internet of Things, and even the current industry 4.0, Internet + above..., also can not be separated, as long as it is necessary to detect movement Where there is a state, there is a microelectromechanical gyroscope (MEMS).
Summary : In general, gyroscopes seem inconspicuous, but the practicality is very high. The current mainstream smart devices, mobile phones, smart cars, drones, wearable devices, the Internet of Things... as long as it is necessary to detect the state of motion, basically equipped with a gyroscope, but we do not feel it in daily use. The role is gone.
With the increasing number of functions that artificial intelligence can implement, the gyroscope will cooperate with other sensors to perform various tasks, and for our users, of course, it is a pleasure to enjoy. In addition to navigation, gyroscopes also have these key technologies that help robots
Pd Charging Cable,Fireproof Braided Data Cable,Aluminum Alloy Usb Cable,Fast Charger Usb C To Type-C Cable
Dongguan Pinji Electronic Technology Limited , https://www.iqdatacable.com