With the development of the economy and society, the traditional energy situation has become increasingly tense. In the context of the increasing energy demand of people, the active development of new energy has become the consensus of all walks of life. New energy vehicles are a typical example of new energy development. One of the biggest features of new energy vehicles compared with traditional vehicles is the difference in power systems. The power system is the core of the car and the key to saving energy in the car.
The core equipment in the new energy vehicle power system is the motor and the controller. The performance of the motor and controller directly affects the overall performance of the new energy vehicle. Traditional energy is becoming increasingly tense, and new energy sources are on the rise. Strengthening the electromagnetic compatibility test of motors and controllers for new energy vehicles will help to ensure the quality of new energy vehicles and improve the performance of new energy vehicles.
1 Reasons for new energy vehicle power system compatibility testing
At present, China's new energy vehicle power system mainly uses the drive motor system, which has great advantages compared with the traditional internal combustion engine system. At present, China's new energy vehicle power system is still in the research stage and has not been popularized. In normal work, the new energy vehicle power system emits strong radiation and electromagnetic interference due to the beating of the current in a very short time and the rapid movement of the high-power semiconductor switch. For example, the edge-gate bipolar transistor is turned on and off, although it is only a few tens of nanoseconds, but it can generate strong electromagnetic interference in these tens of nanoseconds. The electromagnetic interference of the power system will seriously affect the performance of new energy vehicles and seriously affect the power system of new energy vehicles. Therefore, in order to reduce electromagnetic interference, we must strengthen the electromagnetic compatibility test.
At present, China's new energy vehicle compatibility testing technology is not very mature, and there is still a big gap compared with other countries. Most of China's new energy vehicle power system compatibility tests use traditional internal combustion engine drive systems and weak current system standards for testing. There is no complete scientific new energy power system compatibility test standard in China. This is a place worthy of our reflection.
2 Contents of the power system electromagnetic compatibility test
The electromagnetic compatibility test for the new energy vehicle power system mainly refers to two aspects: one is the harassment test; the other is the immunity test. To achieve scientific testing, it is necessary to accurately grasp the meaning of these two aspects of testing, and strictly follow the relevant national standards for testing.
2.1 Harassment Test The Harassment Test mainly refers to the test of the protection ability of personnel within a certain distance. The standard used in the current harassment test is GB 14023-2006. Compared with the original standard, the standard has been adapted to some requirements of new energy vehicles, but the standard is the standard of internal combustion engine.
Testing with this standard cannot be done scientifically. The standard calculates the operating state of the measured object mainly through kilometers per hour. On the contrary, the new energy vehicle is measured according to the revolution every minute. There are significant differences between the two calculation standards. In addition, the difference in layout is also the main reason for the failure of the compatibility test. There is a clear difference in the test of the power system alone and the power system installed on the new energy vehicle. The arrangement of the two is significantly different. This will make the compatibility test meaningless.
2.2 Immunity test The anti-interference test mainly refers to the test of the anti-electromagnetic radiation capability of the electronic component of the motor vehicle. At present, the reference standard for China's immunity test is GB/T17619-1998. The standard specifies the immunity limits and test methods. Since the electromagnetic compatibility test environment of the drive motor system is roughly the same as that of the conventional vehicle compatibility test, it is also feasible to use GB/T 17619-1998 for reference.
3 Feasibility plan for electromagnetic compatibility test of new energy power system
After understanding the main contents of the power system compatibility test, the author will discuss the feasibility of the electromagnetic compatibility test of the motor and controller for the new energy power system. Our main consideration for the drive motor system compatibility test is to consider two factors: one is to clarify the test object; the other is to scientifically arrange the drive electromechanical system and effectively supervise the operation.
Identify the test object.
The main object of our electromagnetic compatibility test for motors for new energy vehicles is to drive the motor as a whole. The traditional test method is to separate the main components of the power system and the inverter for independent testing. This layered test method has poor test results and high test cost. Therefore, we have to use the overall measurement method to test the compatibility of the drive motor system.
Scientifically drive the drive motor system. The arrangement of the drive electromechanical system has an important influence on the test results. Careful selection of the layout during the test is the key to ensuring the correct measurement results. At present, there is no specific definition of the arrangement in China's relevant standards or although some regulations, these regulations cannot be adapted to the test of the drive motor system. Therefore, when we arrange the drive motor system, we mainly choose the layout of the simulation experiment.
The drive motor system is typically loaded during system compatibility testing. Loading the drive electromechanical system can effectively improve the emission level. The author has done experiments specifically on this, and the author has produced a special trolley for testing with professionals. In this trolley, the drive motor system is mainly loaded by the chassis dynamometer.
After loading in this way, by observing the experimental data, the author found that the emission level has been greatly improved, and is 50 dB more than the average. System loading is the key to improving the performance of drive electromechanical systems. Conditions are used to load the system during the measurement process. While seeing the benefits of system loading, we must also realize that there are still many limiting factors in the loading process of new energy vehicle systems in China. The most typical factors are two: First, to achieve system loading requires a special semi-wave darkroom, the test cost will be high; second, the current system loading technology in China is still immature, can not adapt to the complex situation. When we are testing the compatibility of the drive motor system, we must fully consider the above two factors. To optimize the compatibility test under the established conditions.
4 Compatibility test standards
After understanding the feasibility of measuring the energy system of new energy vehicles, it is necessary to accurately grasp the test standards. Mastering these compatibility test standards is important for scientific testing. Our selection of reference standards for compatibility testing is mainly based on the following aspects:
The first is to examine from the perspective of radiation emission. The current reference standards for radiation angles are mainly GB 18655-2002 and GB/T 18655-2002. These two standards are mainly used to measure the receiving devices in new energy vehicles. These two standards are used in a very wide range. The drive motor system can be applied to the above two standards, so that the various devices in the car can achieve better performance. For example, the author conducted a professional inspection of the driving motor system of a new type of new energy car from the perspective of radiation emission. After investigation, it was found that the vehicle load GB 18655-2002 standard, but the performance of radiation protection needs to be improved. .
The second is radiation immunity. For the measurement of radiation immunity, we mainly use the GB/T 17619-1998 standard for testing. The main reason why we use this standard for testing is that the measurement standard has clearly defined the immunity limit and measurement method. There is also a clear definition of the measurement frequency range. This standard is not specifically used to measure the electromagnetic compatibility of motors used in new energy power systems, but since the electromagnetic radiation environment is not much different from the standard radiation environment, we have adopted such standards for testing.
The third is conduction immunity. The tests for conducted immunity are mainly tested according to standards such as ISO 7637-3-2007 and ISO 7637-2-2004D. These standards specify the test method for transient immunity of the 24V power line of the vehicle. According to the standard, the conducted immunity has eight pulse forms, which are 1, 2a, 3a, 3b, 2b, 4, 5a, 5b, respectively. The first four forms can be used for compatibility. Sex test.
With the increasingly tight traditional Chinese energy situation, accelerating the development of new energy has become the consensus of all walks of life. At present, the development and application of new energy vehicles in China have effectively alleviated the situation of energy shortage. However, since the new energy source itself will emit strong electromagnetic radiation during normal operation, it is very important to test the electromagnetic compatibility of the motor and controller.
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